56 10 11779 https://hmha.missionhouses.org/files/original/35105d82e27fbdddda4f26dd1103ebee.tif 99843499704d055d622d7a7114af223d https://hmha.missionhouses.org/files/original/a532a75af812dfda105d8cda88a2b50b.jpg 02f8022fafb00a6901c80679e6a21d88 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Armstrong, Richard - HMCS Family Photo Collection Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Armstrong, Richard - HMCS Family Photo Collection - Box 0002 - Image 0054A Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource If you would like permission to publish or reproduce this material, please send your requests to archives@missionhouses.org Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hawaiian Mission Children's Society Library at the Hawaiian Mission Houses Historic Site and Archives Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg https://hmha.missionhouses.org/files/original/1cf84d3fd6702cfe9f3137694853c48e.pdf 74b1b3e8d6cd9d6d73d3a85fdb82ad53 PDF Text Text JOURNAL of RICHARD ARMSTRONG, l805-l860 OF THE VOYAGE OF A GROUP OF MISSIONARIES TO HAWAII AROUND CAPE HORN IN THE WINTER OF 1831-32, The original is written in a small notebook, or album, which had been presented to Richard Armstrong "as a small token of remembrance and friendship”by JOHN R. AGNEW. As a fellow student at Princeton Theological Seminary, John Agnew’ s inscription in the album indicates the dedication to high purpose in the missionary movement of the time, and reads as follows: "Princeton, Oct.31:1831 "Finally, brother, farewell. Be perfect, be of good comfort; and the God of love and peace shall be with you. 2 Cor.13:11 "Ask, and it shall be given you; seek, and ye shall find; knock, and it shall be opened unto you: for every one that asketh, receiveth; and they that seeketh, findeth; and to him that knocketh, it shall be opened. Or what man is there of you, whom if his son ask bread, will he give him a stone? Or if he ask a fish will be give him a serpent? If £e then, being evil, know how to give good gifts unto your childrenT~~how much more shall your Father which is in heaven, give good things to them that ask him. Mat.7:7-11 God is not a man that he should lie. Num.23:19* God is your Father. John 20:17. Christ is your brother Mat.12:50. He has said, If ye shall ask any thing in my name, I will do it. John l1*:!1*. I ask you to pray for me, you promise, I have not the least hesitancy in believing you. I put entire confidence in you, & shall we who are not brothers, who have not the same Father put more confidence in each other's word, than in the written promise of God our Father, and Christ our brother? "Finally, brother, pray for me" Thes.3sll Thes.!?:25. John R. Agnew MsT Artt McConnellstown, Bedford Co., Pa." �RICHARD ARMSTRONG Born McEwensville April 13, 1805 Prepared for col. under David Kirkpatrick Milton Academy. Left April 25, 1826. Graduated at Dickinson Col. September 27, 1827. Entered Princeton Seminary November 6 , 1828. Graduated Sept. 6 , 1831. Licensed by Presbytery of Baltimore, Baltimore City, April 28, 1831. Ordained by Pres. Baltimore, Oct. 27, 1831 in ch. of Rev.Dr.Nevins. Married Clarissa Chapman Sept. 25, 1831 at Bridgeport, Conn. Arrived in Honolulu May 17, 1832. Remained a year in Honolulu and on Molokai, learning language & teaching. Sailed to Marquesas July 2d, 1833* Returned, arriving in Honolulu May 12, 183*+. Stationed at Haiku one year in 1835* Removed to Wailuku where he labored 5 years. ojf In July, I 84O was called to Kawaialm Church where he remained until November l8*f7 when he enterea on duties of Min.- Pwb Pet. temporarily - afterwards fully appointed & remained in Govt, service until his death Sept. 23, i860. Notes The above chronology is from notes, presumably in the handwriting of Clarissa, his wife, in the fly leaf of a small diary kept by Richard Armstrong, begun February k. 1831, but with only sporadic entries, ending November 18 1838 . �JOURNAL KEPT ON MI VOYAGE TO THE SANDWICH ISLANDS Dec. 7th, 1831 At sea on board the Averick, in lat. 30°-l8' N. long.5l°-l8l in the Atlantic. We have been at sea now 11 days during all of wh. time the sea has been more or less rough and the weather sometimes exceedingly stormy— The rocking of the vessel has been so incessant day and night as to produce the most distressing sea-sickness in our company. But few of us, I believe had an adequate idea before of the distress occasioned by this kind of sickness. For one I had not although I had been sea sick once or twice before. My strength was at once prostrated, and the use of almost every faculty both of body and mind were for a time suspended, while I lay in­ sensible to a great degree in my birth for several days. For want of necessary precaution in fixing the goods in my stateroom, owing to my ignorance of a life at sea, many things were broken and others considerably injured. All of this might have been avoided by a little previous care, and I would advise every one going to sea as a passenger to have all his trunks, Boxes, etc. fastened by cleets, ropes or something else, so that they cannot move from their places. On Sat. night the 26th of Nov. the same day on which we embarked the storm commenced and continued to increase in violence until Sunday night when it reached its highest point. The winds and waves were let loose upon us in all their fury, and continued to rage for two or three days. The waves rolled in torrents over our deck, and down our hatches, companionways etc. until some of our staterooms were flooded with water and some of our goods completely wet. During the storm, the vessel "Shipped the sea”three times; the officers were rather fearful that she would not rise, or that her foremast wh. was defective, would give way. The goods of most of my brethren were even more injured than mine. One of the most unpleasant annoyances during our sickness was the smell of bilge water. This is, of all things most intolerable to a sea sick stomach. It is water wh. collects in the bottom of the ship and the closer the ship the greater the difficulty is there in the way of this water making its escape. Another unpleasant circumstance attending our situation was the want of room, as well as of a circulation of fresh air. The Steerage or half-deck also in which my stateroom stands, presented a perfect chaos; being literally filled with bags, barrels, boxes, ropes, sails, canvass, etc., thrown together in the most perfect confusion; so that when I wd attempt to leave my room, in the first place I must have a struggle to get my door open, and then although scarcely strength enough to drag one foot after another, I had to climb over or rather crawl over said chaos, which scarcely left room for me to pass between it and the deck: and when my dear C— (his wife, Clarissa, just married in Bridgeport, Connecticut. It was their honeymoon), who suffered! much more from sea-sickness than myself, and needed even to be lifted in and out of bed, would attempt to get on deck to enjoy the fresh air, she was obliged to pass along the same way. The effort �- 2 frequently exhausted her strength, and aggravated her sickness. For several days we were both sick together, and whilst wd hold the head of my C. with one hand and a tin vessel with another, I would be obliged to empty the contents of my own stomach at the same time intG the same vessel. I feel in reflection upon the scenes of last few days, that I have great cause for humility. Even in these first and light trials, I have not manifested that meek and sub­ missive temper which I ought to have done. These are only the be­ ginnings of my sorrow, and if in these I faint and murmur how shall I withstand the trials that may hereafter press thick and hard upon me? But why are thou cast down, my soul? Hope thou in God, for in him is everlasting strength. The reason why earthly trials affect us so much, is because we are so earthly-minded; Our minds are so feebly fixed on God and heaven— Then ’ ’ Rise my soul and stretch thy wings Thy better portion trace Rise from transitory things To heaven thy native place.” But the storm seems to have subsided and to-day has been to me as the coming of Spring after a long and dreary winter. Sea­ sickness has vanished like a vapour before it— All our sick folks have been able to get on deck and enjoy the fresh (air), which is truly reviving after the unpleasant stench and close confinement of our state-rooms— While sick I had no appetite but it has returned with double keenness, and if I can get to the table and hold on with one hand, and manage the knife with the other, I can relish even a piece of dry sea-cracker, as hard as limestone very well— Much of our table furniture had been broken and we are obliged sometimes to eat without knives or forks, sometimes two off one plate, and sometimes with no plate at all— Our table being small our company is divided into two parts, each sitting down first for a week alternately. The Capt. always with the first table— His officers eat by themselves in the steerage. It is becoming here to record the kindness of Capt. Swain during our sickness. He spared no pains or stores to render us comfortable . This was unexpected by me and therefore an agreeable disappointment-- Building my expectations on the treatment some other missionaries received on their way to the Pacific, I had anticipated but little kindness on the part of the Capt. and his officers, but God has done more for me than I expected he would do which is a reproof to my unbelief. Many of the sweetmeats kindly furnished us by our friends in Germantown, Pa. were of great service to us. Something sour, such as prunes, tamarines, cranberries, or such articles as the essence of chickerberries, tanzy, peppermint are peculiarly reviving to a sea-sick stomach-- As to diet the best I could find was corn-meal gruel, arrowroot with a little wine in it, or hasty-pudding, �- 3 commonly called mush. But nothing was more reviving than a bottle of current-wine put up for us by some good friend in Westfield. I regreted exceedingly that we had not more of it; indeed most of what we had was accidently spilled to our great regret— Persons going to sea for the first time, I think had better always have a little wine. Our emotions of gratitude to God for past favours have been deepened by the sight of a wreck of a vessel wh we beheld on the fourth day after our imbarkation. It was a fine brig with the inscription on its stern "Corsair of Charleston1’ . It was filled with water to the brim and seemed to have been loaded with cotton. It doubtless met its misfortune in the recent storm and probably all its crew perished, and perhaps some of them or all of them without hope. What a melancholy endj to be hurried into the depths of the ocean amidst the fury and terror of a storm, there to lie until the sea shall give up its dead— But the Judge of all the earth will do right, although his ways are unsearchable. My Journal has hitherto been sickness, my attention to my wife, place for writing— And now I only important occurrences of my voyage and gratify a few of my friends by neglected, in consequence of my and the want of a convenient expect to record a few of the most to assist my own memory in future, its perusal sometime hereafter. DEC. 8th: My health is still improving: I have an insatiable appetite, but am afraid to gratify it, especially by eating salt meat, of which we are obliged to make so much use on board. But some of the sisters have volunteered their services in preparing pies, puddings, cakes, dumplins and other good things, which remind us of the luxuries of home— Our Steward too has been very good so far in cooking them— Today for the first time I have ventured to ascend aloft as high as the top of the misen-mast. One great difficulty I find will be a want of proper exercise, but climbing the rigging will answer, if I have energy enough to do it. So far the sailors are very obliging to our company but how long this will continue is hard to tell. They are about twenty-nine in number, and generally very dissipated and thoughtless men, some of them deeply and dangerously tainted with universal!sm— that horrible doctrine which gives licentiousness loose rein, and leaves men secure in their sins. I am aware that our responsibility in regard to them is very great. However ignorant and degraded they are, still their souls immortal and invaluable: Still they are on their way to judgement and how they shall fare in that solemn hour may depend much (on) our conduct towards them and our walk before them— All our levity, and conversation whether proper or improper will be observed by them and will more or less affect them. This is a prevailing sin among Christians, and doubtless very much retards �- If - the growth of grace in their hearts and weakens the influence of their example on others. One great inconvenience attending our present situation is the want of oil. Being placed on deck rather insecurely, it was all swept away during the storm, and we have no light except what is made of some dirty butter or some lard put amongst our stores and do not expect to have any oil until the crew can succeed in killing a whale, or the ship puts into some South-American port. Dec. 20th In lat 10.50. Long 31-jjr Although we are within the tr6pics the weather is exceedingly pleasant. We have generally a good breeze on deck But those of our company who are unable to leave their rooms, feel the heat to be quite oppressive— It often rises in our rooms to 80° Farenheight— During last week we had several squalls, and most of us had a return of sea-sickness— We are now wafted by the trade-winds. wh always blow in one and the same directions, and extend as far as 30° N. lat. and 30° S. Why they are called Trade-Winds, I am unable to ascertain probably because they are so advantageous to trading ships— Our Capt. intended to have called at the Cape De Verde Islands off the coast of Africa, in order to replenish our stores with a supply of fruits, but the winds being adverse, and all being desirous of pro­ ceeding on our voyage, it was deemed expedient not to call at the Islands. Most of our company have recovered from sea-sickness, but Mr. Alexander and Mrs. Lyman are both very ill, the former being attacked by an intermittant and the latter by a bilious fever. Their con­ dition is rather sad as their accommodations are poor, and they suffer much from want of room, air, as well as from the intolerable stench of the ship. No one who has never been to sea can have a proper idea of how much sick persons suffer from these causes— But it is a great mercy that we have a physician on board belong­ ing to our own company. I know not what would have been the conse­ quence had we been without him: Several others of our company are yet unwell. My dear C- has suffered excessively from sickness as well as other causes: She is yet quite feeble, especially in the morning, She vomits excessively. But we have all reason to bless God for his mercy constantly shown to us— The enterprise in which we are engaged is and ever has been attended with trials, and those who engage in it should expect to meet with them at every step. Such were the accompaniments of prophetic and apostolic labour in this same enterprise; many of them dwelt in caves, holes and dens of the (?), being persecuted, afflicted, tormented: yea, and such were the trials of Him who is greater than Prophets and Apostles. He suffered from all the calamities, wh are incident to human life, from hunger, thirst, cold, heat, sickness and from death itself— And why should I expect to be freed from these sufferings: It is enough for the servant that he be as his Lord: And besides, these �- 5 light afflictions are not worthy to be compared with the glory that shall be revealed: They are to work for us a far more exceeding and eternal weight of glory- Why then should I feint or grow weary under them? Let cares like a wild deluge come And storms of sorrow fall. If they but waft me onward and upward to my home and my crown in the skies. We hold worship morning and evening, on deck when practicable; The Capt. always attends when his duties will allow him, but scarcely any of the officers or crew attend. They are all men who seem to care for none of these things; The first mate has shown a marked contempt for the worship of God, although he is very willing to con­ verse on the subject of religion. We have preaching also twice on the Sab. and a Bible class in the afternoon among ourselves for our mutual improvement in a knowledge of the Scriptures, which is a most pleasant and profitable exercise-- A Bible-class has also been formed amongst the sailors which is attended by about two thirds of them. This is now our principle hope of showing them good: the word of God is quick and powerful, sharper than any two-edged sword, and may it prove the power of God and the wisdom of God to the salvation of some of these poor sailors. Although we have been more than four seen a living thing off the ship, save one chickens, and a few flying fish. They are pan fish. I had one of them which flew on for C-’ s breakfast, and she relished it as weeks at sea, I have not or two of Mother Careys small but an excellent deck one night cooked the best of luxuries. I intended to have given much of my time while on my voyage to study and writing, but find it rather difficult so to do- The rocking of the vessel is so incessant, the deck is too much a scene of bustle and interruption for study, and my state room is so small and has so little air circulating through it as to be incon­ venient for study, and the cabin is quite crowded, being a general dining and sitting room. It is difficult also to keep the heart right anywhere but particularly so in such circumstances as those in which I am placed. In order to preserve the graces of the heart in lively and vigorous exercise, the soul must be alone with God where it may in solemn silence turn in upon itself and become acquainted with its own evil propensities, the out and inlets of sin, and place a double guard upon them where it may rise and dwell upon the majesty and glory of the invisible yet omnipotent God, and thus be filled with the full­ ness of his love, and be affected with the glory of his majesty. But this retirement cannot be had on board a vessel where there (are) so many passengers, so much baggage, stores, etc. When I retire to my room- the air is so confined and the stench is so unpleasant as �st» to prostrate my faculties almost at once, and the only method I have been able to adopt has been to ascend the rigging to the (?) of the mast- a semicircle at the top of the mast with rungs across it and fenders around it so that a person may sit or stand upon it safely and somewhat comfortably. But when the vessel rocks much it is but a poor place for meditation. I usually ascend to it just before retiring to bed at night. Dec. 26th Lat. 3°.8* Long. 2V3. For want of a convenient place to write I am obliged to be rather irregular in keeping my journal; so that many of the small incidents noted are not recorded immediately upon their occurence, but the events of several days are often put down at once. For several weeks after we sailed we saw scarcely a living thing, but since we have seen multitudes of flying fish (these are about inches long, and small, like the chubb found in the small streams of Penna, and have wings resembling in some measure those of the bat, but are much more delicate and beautiful. There is no way of catching them, but they often mistake their course in the night and fly on board vessels). Porpoises, sharks, albicores, dolphin, skipjacks, bouvettos(?5 and whales. Some of all of these have been taken by our crew. The flesh of the porpoise was quite palatable to us, especially the liver, wh can scarcely be distinguished from that of a hog. We all eat of it heartily and it didus no harm. But it is not to be compared with the meat of the Albicore or Dolphin; these followed our vessel for a number of days in countless millions: They swam with great swiftness close in along her sides, and so thick that they seemed scarcely to have room to swim, and in the night the ocean seemed to be illuminated by the phosphor­ escence which emanated from them— Our Capt. and brethren caught them in great quantities— indeed, more than all on board could use. We almost lived on them for a while, but some got tired of them. But it remained for Saturday the 2*fth of Dec. to bring with it one of the most interesting scenes I ever beheld either on sea or land. About 9 o'clock in the morning, while we were all lounging about the sides of the ship, and hanging listlessly on our seats passing away a beautiful clear morning, some reading, some talking and others brooding over the blessedness of a sea-sick stomach (for we are not all clear of sea-sickness yet) suddenly a cry was heard and re-echoed fore and aft, a sperm whale.* A sperm whale.1 I looked and looked again but could see none. The Capt. however and crew who are close observers of such things saw the spouting of the whales distinctly. This is the only way by wh whales can be seen at a distance, and the sperm whale is distinguished from all others by its spray being thrown rather out before it than per­ pendicularly. I too could soon see through a large spy-glass, at a distance of perhaps two miles, the spray arising from the spout of the whales, and once in a while the large hump on their backs— Soon the boats were lowered, manned and fit(t)ed out with harpoons, �- 7 lances or spears, ropes, etc. and set off in pursuit of the whales. I ascended the foremast and with a small glass had a full view of the whole scene— I saw the boats row out with six men in each, until nothing could be seen of them but a dark spot floating in the waves. I saw them approach and sink the harpoons into the monster of the deep (this is an instrument about feet long made of the best of iron, and shaped somewhat thus ). A struggle then commenced. The whale after receiving the harpoon often endeavors to make its escape, and swims so fast as almost to snatch the breath from those who are in the boat, for a long rope is fastened to the harpoon, and also to the boat, and after striking with the harpoon it is necessary to come up close along side the monster and sink a lance into it that it may bleed to death— This is an instrument about the same length of the harpoon and formed thus: .— * It is necessary that this be sent into the vital parts of the whale, and then you may at a distance of a mile (see) the blood thrown out his spouts into the air, and then he will soon turn over upon his side and give up. He is then towed alongside the vessel and lashed by ropes until he is cut up for boiling. The crew brought in two which were about 30 feet long and afforded about 33 Bis. of oil; In the course of three hours while the whale­ men were off in the boats, several whales came close along side the vessel all heading their way to the field of conflict. Besides the two that were brought in another was killed but was lost for want of proper care in the whalemen. These were small whales in comparison with many of this species. Some were caught as much as 90 and 100 feet long and afford 100 or 115 Bis. of oil. After the whales were brought in commenced the process of cutting them and extracting (trying) the oil. The cutting is done by a spade resembling a very large pruning hook with a long handle wh enables the one who handles it to stand on the side of the vessel and cut off the blubber or rind of the whale which is the only part except the head wh is taken; to this blubber when partly cut loose a large hook with pully (pully scratched out and tekle written in) is fastened, and by means of a win-less, it is drawn on deck, where it is cut in small pieces and thrown into large iron kettles, and thus the oil extracted. The scraps or pieces from wh the oil is taken serving as the best of fuel to boil the rest. The head is the most valuable part of the whale; out of it a quantity of pure oil can always be bailed without any further trouble. VJhile the work of cutting the whales was going on it was interesting to see the sharks pack around and even spring on top of the whales or throw themselves under the spade of the whaleman— Capt. Swain threw his harpoon into one and drew it on deck. It was about six feet long and had a skin like a rasp. The jaws of this animal are very powerful. The whales were killed on Saturday, but the principle part of the cutting and boiling was done on Sab. This was Christmas day, but our company scarcely appeared on deck at all; we had �- 8 preaching in the cabin conducted by brother Forbes twice— On Christmas day of 1830 I made an address before the society of Princeton in behalf of Missions to the Heathen, now I am on my way to carry them the gospelJ Who can tell what a day or a year may bring forth. Dec. 27th Lat. 3°.M3*. Long. 20° As we approach the Equator the weather grows warmer. We have suffered considerably for a few days from heat, yet while on deck we always have more or less of a breeze. Today we have but little wind: the sails are flapping uselessly about the timbers and the vessel scarcely moves. As the surface of the water is quite smooth the Capt. proposed to those who wished to go out with him in a boat and bathe in the salt water. Some were afraid of the sharks but some ventured, among whom were Brs. Forbes, Emmerson and myself. But we had not all yet gotten into the water about 1/2 mile from the ship, until a shark appeared in the midst of us— I had bathed to my satis­ faction as I was first out of the boat, and just returned to it with Capt. Swain, Bro. Emmerson yet remaining a short distance from the boat, when the shark came swimming leisurely around the end of the boat. The alarm was given and brother Emmerson made his escape. The Capt. sunk a spear into our unwelcome visitor, and dismissed him no more to disturb our amusement. Whether he is living or dead I know not, but I have not seen him since— We returned to the ship feeling that we had made a narrow escape from the jaws of death, and thankful for the deliverance. Dec. 31. Under the Equator Long.23°.3' Another year is just now closing— a profitable time for reflection— Look which way I will, backward, forward or around, the prospect is fraught with interest— In looking over the events of the past year, I see much cause for gratitude, love and humility, as well as for increased confidence in the wisdom and goodness of God. How many and how great mercies have I received at his hand. To attempt an enumeration of them is vain. They are more than I can number,- Health, friends, comforts, food and raiment have all been mine. While others have been sick, I have been well: while others have died, I have lived,and last though not least during the last year (on the 25th of Sep) the Lord bestowed upon me the blessing of a beloved companion, for which I can never be sufficiently thankful; In looking forward my soul is filled with apprehensions: Events new, and probably trying and dangerous await me. Shd my lot be cast in one of the dark places of the earth, wh. is filled with the habita­ tions of cruelty am I prepared for the worst? I feel doubtful about it: my heart is so cold, and my faith so weak, that I cannot but fear— But I will try to east all my cares for the future upon him who careth for me, and who has promised that his grace shall be sufficient for me. The commencement of a new year is a way-mark along the journey of life, and how natural it is for the traveller to pause at such a point and consider his ways— look back and mark the diffi­ culties and dangers of the way in which he has come, the delusive by-paths that have led him astray: and lay also plans and form new resolutions for the rest of his journey. Such is now my case. May the Lord teach me wherein I have erred in the past, and give me �- 9 wisdom and strength to guide and support me for the future- Lord impress upon my heart the value and rapidity of time; the weight of eternal things, and inspire my soul with courage for the per­ formance of every future duty.1 The kindness of our Capt. and officers still continues, and even appears to increase. The Capt. appears indeed to be attached to many of our company; as evidence of this he has made several of them small presents as tokens of his kind regards- To my dear Che gave a beautiful copy of Youngs Night Thoughts, and today he gave me a fine hair-brush- But so far as I can see neither he nor any of the crew are in the least impressed as yet with the power of divine truth. Doubtless much of the fault is to be laid upon us, who ought to be as lights in the world- Our lives at least mine is not sufficiently holy, and my conversation is not sufficiently heavenly, to evince to those around me the reality of religion. Jan 2nd 1832. Lat. 1°.5’ Today we are surrounded above by clouds of sea-gulls and below by Albicors, Dolphin, etc. It affords me much pleasure to behold these multitudes of living creatures, here amidst the wide waste of waters, where such an air of sameness meets the eye everywhere, and no variety appears, save once in a while the dashing surf, and long successions of mountain waves rolling before the storm, and the endless varying clouds in the distant sky- Many evenings have I sat, and with pleasure contemplated the vast variety of forms, of beasts, birds and creeping things, formed by the wild evening clouds at sea- This is a good means of relaxing the mind for those who have a taste for it, and I cannot see that the pleasure derived from it is at all different from that derived from paintings, flowers, land­ scapes or such things. To-day some of us have amused ourselves by shooting at a mark with a light fowling piece belonging to our Capt. This has been an evening of uiiugual interest to us, being the monthly concert for prayer. How sweet & yet how humiliating is the reflection that many of our dear friends at home have this evening met to pray for us. Surely there may be among so many an Elijah or two whose prayers will bring down showers of blessings upon us. We passed an hour together in the cabin and seemed to have Gods presence. The plan we have recently adopted at our evening worship we find to be both interesting and profitable. I mean, each one repeats a verse of scripture immediately after singing and just be­ fore prayer. This has many advantages- It gives variety and interest to our worship, fills the mind with scripture-truth and affords proper topics for the prayer that is just to succeed. Sister Lyman is yet very ill with a bilious fever, but there is a prospect of her recovery. We are obliged to watch with her constantly day and night and we take it in rotation. For want of air, she must be fanned constantly. This is no small task. Several �- 10 of our company are 'unwell, but we have a good physician with us wh. is a great blessing. Jan. 18th Port of Rio de Jeneiro. On Sab morning the 15th we entered this harbour: about 10 o clock in the morning and the anchor was cast near the fort, where we remained until the customary formalities of the port were gone through- These were by no means few, neither were they quickly dis­ patched- Not until tuesday morning were we permited to run down to a more convenient place in the harbour in order to have the ship repaired. ? It is wrong at any time to murmur against the will of a wise Providence, but I cd scarcely avoid feeling regret that it was on Sab. morning we entered this harbour. On that day our thoughts ought to be peculierly occupied with divine things, and not left to wonder after vain curiosities and selfish gratifications; But I found amidst such wild, beautiful and sublime scenery, it was ex­ tremely difficult to have it thus occupied. I endeavoured however to connect the contemplation of natures works, with thoughts of natures God, and author- When the lofty peaks of the Sugar-loaf, and the Corcovado, with the scarcely less magnificient hights that surround them— all covered with a mantle of green shrubbery, and fanned by spicy breezes from every quarter, while heavy clouds, of shades both light and dark stretched along their sides and hung around their tops, arose before the eye, who could help exclaiming, f,how manifold are they works 0 Lord, in wisdom hast thou made them all.' Such scenery I have never behold or even imagined as that wh. surrounds Rio. Stuarts description of it is fine but no pen can do it justice. Owiiig to the confusion on board and the visits of the Custom House officers we were unable to assemble for worship until nearly 12 o.clock when we met in the cabin (as it rained very heavily) for a short season of prayer. Capt. Fisher of N. Bedford Mass. who had just come on board and Capt. Swain attended- In the afternoon we assembled again, and it fell to my lot to preach. My subject was Heb. 11.7. The subject was a profitable one but my faith was too weak to enter into it with spirit. On Sab. evening, as a vessel was about to sail for Boston next morning, most of us were engaged in writing to our friends in U.S. On Monday morning Dr. Chapin & myself in company with Capt. Swain went on shore in order to see the city and provide lodging for our mission family, if possible. But how were we at once filled with astonishment at the sights and sounds which we saw & heard.1 Negroes nothing but negroes, could be seen look what direction you would; some carrying barrels, others boxes, but more generally bags of coffee on their heads- Again companies of them could be seen walk (ing) in the palace-square and the streets chained together by a heavy chain with long links, passing from one of their necks to the other. These it seems are the convicts, who have been guilty of murder, theft or some other offence. There are, I have several times been told, about 3 slaves to one citizen in Rio de Jeneiro, and their �- 11 condition is truly deplorable- They serve the place of beasts of bur­ den entirely almost. Every article of transportation is carried or hawled by them through the city, and they are sent out in the morn­ ing by their masters and required to bring in a certain sum of money before night or be punished. The money they must get whether honestly or dishonestly, it makes no difference to the masterThey are liable too to be whipped to death, starved to death or worked to death, at the will of the owner and no one notices it0 Slavery thou scourge of the poor African, how my soul hates thee.1 What heart will not bleed over the condition of the poor slave who is bought and sold and fed like a beast, doomed to ignorance and oppression and ignominy, just because his colour is black, and he has not the power to resist oppression. The houses of the city are generally made of stone and plastered and covered with tile. They are low except the public buildings and unhandsome on the outside. The furniture also is coarse- Immediately in front of the landing stands the Empyrial Palace. On the adjacent side of palace-square stands the Empirial Chapel. The former of these buildings is very capacious, tho not very high, not outwardly very splendid. The churches are generally large, and inside are very splendid, being adorned with costly images, chandeters, organs, pictures, alters and guilded archi­ tecture. I several times visited the Empirial Chapel as the citizens every day visit it more or less to say mass and was astonished at the costliness of dressing. There are no seats provided for those who enter, and visitors are going and coming constantly, the cere­ mony to be observed being to take off the hat. The number of worshipers however is small as all religion is held in contempt by most of the people of Rio. I soon became acquainted with Mr. Wright the former American Consul, and Mr. Lewis, of Westfield, Mass. Both of them are Com­ mission Merchants, and the latter was polite to me in going with me to seek for boarding, and procure some articles in the stores. Boarding at the Hotel being very expensive, above $1.00 per day for each, we concluded it was best not to engage it, and live on the vessel while in port. After taking a cup of coffee with Mr. Lewis, we walked through the market. I was surprised to see its barrenness in a city of above 150,000 inhabitants. In one part of the market were fruits, bannanas, plantains, cucumbers, squashes, cabbages, water & musk-melons, oranges, etc. The money occasioned one some inconvenience. The only circulating media being coffier and paper. The names of the coper pieces rtes Vintous a v Patac = 25 c Millres = 50-60 Patagoons (?) The value of this money is however constantly varying, and it is im­ possible to fix its value except at a given point. �12 Tuesday,(Feb.)17, 1832 (?) All our company went on shore and after walking the streets and attracting the gaze of the people by taking our wives with us, we assembled at Mrs. Jonson's Hotel and resting an hour or two, and talking with a pleasant and pious gentleman Capt. Briggs of N. Bedford, Mass. we dined. After this we separated into companies, some went to view the churches etc. in the city, by Capt. Briggs, Br. Spaulding & w. & myself & w. & Mr. Lyon ascended a high hill on wh. stands the church of St. Sebastian, from whom the city was named; From the top of this eminence we had a fine view of the harbour, the city, the Aqueduct, and the grand scenery around- But a more delightful view still is had from that part of the hill on wh. the Telegraph stands. This I visited on Wednesday and also an adjacent guarden wh. lies on the side of the same hill, in which grow a beautiful variety of shrubbery, flowers and fruits, such as the following, oranges, lemons, limes, coffee, mango, pome granate, mammon (?), grapes, bread fruit, with corn cabbage etc. See page from the end.^*«9 <w72V) Lat.33°- Long. 79°• 6' Masa Fuero full in view; the wind rather contrary, but the weather exceedingly fine- All the crew except the first mate and the Capt. who are both slightly indisposed, are well: Most of the Miss, family are well, but Mrs. Emerson and Mrs. Chapin are still confined to their births. The former has not enjoyed any good health since our departure from Rio owing to a stubborn diarhea, induced probably by bad water and an imprudent use of fruit, and aggravated by the rocking and other inconveniences of the vessel: The latter has suffered severely for five or six weeks under a bilious cholic, induced probably by the same causes as in the former case; She has been much reduced both by the desease and the medicines administered for it, but has partially recovered. Mrs. Spaulding has also recently been ill but is now convalescent. None of the females in our company have escaped being more or less sick since we left Rio, but none of them have been so seriously affected as those just specified- The brethren have been more or less sea-sick but that is all- I never enjoyed better health than I now do, and Br. Alexander never looked so well as he now does, since I first knew him. We have been most happily disappointed in our passage around Cape Horn where we expected winds adverse, gales and tempest with hail, and snow and cold, we have enjoyed fair winds, and moderate weather, without even a squall ahead; At no time did I find it uncom­ fortable walking on deck with my cloak around me. Before our arrival at the Cape we met with two severe gales, the one in L a t A l 0^•2'- the other off Staten Land. The vessel "lay to" about five days at each of those points, but sustained but little damage at either of them; it may be said that we were not more than 16 days doubling the Cape- Upon the whole we have enjoyed many comforts more than we anticipated. The Lord has been better to us than our hopes and �- 13 expectations. One thing added much to our enjoyment while doubling the Cape, was a stove. This served not only the purpose of warming us, but answered also the important end of warming and cooking many drinks and diet for the sicks On this account it was of incalculable benefit. It tended too to promote our social comfort very much. Our days and nights had been tedious and dreary, but for the stove. It was a rallying point. There we assembled at our leisure moments, and as Capt. Swain says, "spun our long yarns"s Every one has his story to tell- Sometimes the conversation was grave, sometimes cheer­ ful, and sometimes dry. But it is not often that a man who has any elasticity in his soul, will stand on deck and witness the dreary, agitated ocean, while the fierce winds of Cape Horne howl through the rigging, and around his ears, until he is pretty thoroughly chilled, and then sit down by a warm stove and feel its gently re­ laxing heat, penetrating and soothing his system, will be dry and husky. Could one of our American friends have visited one of our social circles, instead of lamenting our desolate and perilous con­ dition, he would have congratulated us in view of our cheering com­ fort. He would have thought that all the stores of science, poetry and wit, as well as the rich treasures of memory, and the deep fountains (of) religion were opened and spread out before us to re­ gale and animate the soul, while the combined influence of light, heat and wind, fair and fresh tended to strengthen the body. My exercise has hitherto been walking the deck, climbing single ropes, and the rigging. But a few days ago I ventured as high as the top of the Main-Royal sail, which is the highest sail on the ship except one, that is the sky sail and is more than one hundred feet from the deck. Capt. Swain still continues his kindness to us all. He is always cheerful and denies none of our requests, that he can avoid. The first note I often hear in the morning is, "Well, my son oome out of that. It is time you were on deck, or examining the rigging." But poor man, he has his failings, and one particularly which injures himself more than anybody else. Br. Alexander had a serious conver­ sation with him last night, and thinks he feels some. But the be­ setting sin renders it discouraging-- 0 that God wd his own truth to his salvation- The first mate is sometimes serious, but deeply effected with prejudice and universalism. The remaining officers and crew are hardened and rebelious. Blasphemy can be heard occasion­ ally to fall from every mouth, and from some of them it pours forth daily as deadly as poison and as black as the pit. They treat our worship and our warnings with perfect contempt; poor souls they know not what they do! Much seed has been sown amongst them by the Bibleclass, private conversations and public preaching, but none of it yet seems to have taken root. It may however when they are far from us spring up into everlasting life- If so, glory be to God. In our meeting last evening the CXXI Ps. was read, which is exceedingly appropriate to the circumstances. He that keepeth Israel neither slumbers nor sleeps- The Lord has been our keeper; �- lb He has been a shade upon our right hand. Nothing remarkable has occured since we left Rio and therefore I have written nothingThe only living things taken were a porpoise and two Albertrosses, which are large sea fowls of the size of a swan. They were caught by a hook with a piece of bacon for bait. March 31 st Off Juan Frenandez. Two days ago we fell in company with the Friendship from Farehaven Mass. commanded by Capt. Merchant, with whom one of our brethren have a slight acquaintance. This same vessel has sailed in co. with us more or less for eight weeks; we first observed her just after leaving Rio, and have seen her several times since. It is remarkable that two vessels traveling such a broad road, under different commanders should meet so often. Her 1st & Vth mate came on board the Averick before we arrived at the cape, and got some oil as none had yet been taken by the Friend ship, and this morning Capt. Merchant visited us. He appears to be a generous and active man. He sent us a small quantity of crockery wh. is very acceptable as our misfortunes have not left us a plate apiece. This morning all the males of our company went on shore to gaze upon the spot so long celebrated as the solitary residence of Alex. Selkirk. Capt. Swain Br. Chapin & Br. Spaulding having gone on shore early had prepared the way for our introduction to the Governor, who is a Chilian by the name of Joseph Larrien. He can speak but little english but treated us with kindness and attention and conversed with us through an interpreter, who is an English resident here for the purpose of taking seales. When we first entered his palace, he and his companions were dining together with Capt. Swain, the Doctor & Br. Spaulding having taken a long excursion into the mountains. He politely arose shook hands with us all, and invited us to gather around his table and partake of his repast. As there were so many of us and no preparation had been made for us, we at first thought best to de­ cline and begged to be excused. He then invited us to take some wine & water; This request was complied with; The water was ex­ cellent but the wine was miserable- The company having now finished dining, and we being again requested by the Gov. to draw around the table, and Capt. Swain having suggested that he might not be pleased with a further refusal, we took our seats at the table. Fresh and pretty good wheat biscuit, fresh butter, dried ham im­ ported from America, sallad dressed with sweet oil, and fried eggs, constituted the substance of our repast, the meats and vegetables having been previously removed by the servants- The Gov. not being able to speak English, some of us attempted to converse with him in Latin, But he understood no more of this than what resembled the Spanish tongue. An interpreter however was soon brought in, and throgh him he informed us that”He was the gov. of the Island, or the King” — that he had been there about a year- that it was �- 15 a poor time with him, as produce was rather scarce- and that he was happy to see us all at his house- Being informed that we had ladies on board of our vessel, he wished them all to come on shore and see him. But as the (boat) was only to remain until evening & being now mid-day, and wished to travel into the mountains and get some fruit & moreover not being aware that boats were at our command, the idea of having our wives go on shore was dropped. The Gov. also invited us all to stay with him awhile, and he would send us to the Sandwich Islands after a while. After dinner I informed the Gov. that we now wished to walk about a little and see the Island. He consented to go with us and show us his caves which were dug in the side of the mountain for the confinement and employment of the convicts wh. are banished hither from Chili for various crimes. The island seems to be devoted to this object at present, e.i. a place of banishment for criminalsof these their are now 105 on the island but they were nearly all on the mountains in pursuit of wild goats- The caves are large some of them being 120 feet long & perhaps 20 ft. high: In one a blacksmith was at work, which was a ludicrous sight indeed: the whole apparatus partaking more of the character of the early ages of the world when civilization was in its infancy and the arts were unknown- Another cave was used as a carpenter-shop, but as in the former everything was rude in the extreme- Another was used for a chapel- Yes even here are to be seen the marks of the beast.* The chapel however was not very splendidly adorned, a few crosses, candlesticks & pictures constituting the amount of its furniture. In the other caves were some beds lying on the ground a few pots & cooking furniture, and a few women and children. The caves are dug in the side of a steep hill one row above the other being 9 in all, and it requires considerable effort to ascend to the upper row from the lower- It was fine sport for the Gov. to see us scramble up, on our hands and feet but he ascended with us, scrambling, & laugh­ ing with all his might, all the while. He is a short hulk of a man & had I not had so much to do myself, I should have been disposed to laugh at him. After returning from the caves we left the Gov. and started in search of some fruit. We traveled some distance along the deep and fertile glens through the mountains, which are covered with matts of the rankest herbage such as spearmint braken, etc. and a variety of spicy shrubbery, and peaches in abundance, and also many quince trees, but few quinces. The peaches are all cling-stones, and posess a pretty good flavour, tho not so good I think as the peaches in Penna, U.S.- We took as many of them as we could carry to our boat without charge or molestation— plumbs, nectarines & apricots are also said to grow here but we saw none. These deep vales are extremely fertile, being covered with a black rich loam. It afforded me no small delight to take my stand upon one of those lofty peaks and contemplate just beneath me, scenery so luxurient and productive �- 16 and inhale the fresh sea-breze that gently swept along the side of the mountain. The day too was very pleasent- the sky being cloud­ less and the weather quite temperate. The side of the mountain which I ascended was covered with a variety of foliage & also herbage- such (as) the laurel, white-wood, rhue, and balm in abundance- of the two last I procured a quantity for use. Sandelwood formerly grew on the isl.but does not now. There is yet how­ ever a little that is dry. Radishes also grow in abumdance also potatoes, cabbage, pumpkins, onions, beans, figs, etc. But there is a manifest want of proper attention to the cultivation of these or any other productions of the island. With proper cultivation an amazing amount of produce might be secured as is evident at a moment’ s glance. I have seen fine large and beautiful radishes growing on the very side of the mountain. Capt. Merchant of the Friendship, told me he thought everything on the island was degenerating. He was here ten years ago and produce was more abundunt and cheaper than it is now. Onions are now sold for six pence each, potatoes for from $3 to $&-- and other vegetables with proportionable extravigance- There are cows, sheep, hogs, goats both wild & tame, asses, mules and fine fowls on the island. But with suitable attention the land would support a great many more- They can now only be pro­ cured at a high price. Fowls are sold generally at $1 per each; but Capt. Swain got 9 for $5 from the Eng. Interpreter: Eggs cost 3 cts per each, and milch is very expensive, but a small portion of each were procured. The Gov. in fact sent bottles of milk and a few apples which were imported from the main, on board our vessel as a gift to the ladies. There are at present 386 persons on the island, 73 females, 105 prisoners, *f6 soldiers, 2 officers, 160 farmers, if they may be so termed. Among the convicts is one man of some distinction, who has been sent here for sedition: There are two padres or priests alsoamong the convicts. I spoke a few words to him in Latin but he made as bad a hand at Latin as myself- The inhabitants appear to be indolent, dirty and uncultivated lounging about with unshaven beards and filthy clothes. The whole no. of houses are 25 mostly clustered up together.* As to the general aspect of the island it is exceedingly grand; while I stood in the village I seemed to be in the midst of a splendid amphitheatre formed by the hand of nature; The whole island is a cluster of mountains, some of which are extremely high: the loftiest peaks are perhaps 1,000 feet above the surface of the ocean. They are composed of redstone, trap, and Basalt. The sides of the mountains are covered with a thick, rich shrubbery, and present upon the whole a most grand spectacle- About 5 0.clock our boats were rowed into the vessel and is now on her way to the S. Islands*They are built by inserting poles in the ground & then plastering them with mortar, and thatched. �- 17 April 10th Lat.19°. Lon.90° Nothing particularly interesting has occured since we left Juan Fernandez: We have had fine weather and fair winds, sailing sometimes at the rate of 10 knots per hour; we had a distant view of St. Felix in lat 26° but could see nothing but a broken pile of lofty mountains enveloped in the distant clouds- The health of most of our company is good; Mrss Emerson, Spaulding & Chapin are gaining strength slowly. We are not now much troubled with the rocking of the vessel which is favourable to our reading. This indeed is my principal employment, as well as one of the greatest sources of my enjoyment. Since our imbarkation I have read the following works nearly in the order in wh. they are written, Baxters S. Rest, Help to xtion Examination, Stewarts Visit to the South Seas, 3 vol. Ellis's Polynesian researches, 3 vol. "Life of Scott, Br. of Legh Richmond, Nathan Dickerman, (?) on Women, James's Family Monitor, Life of Whitfield, Flavel on the heart, and part of Eberles Mat. Med. & Theraputics; making in all 16 volumes. Besides these I have read some scetches of poetry as Popes Essay on man, H. K. White & the Bible in course as far as the 12th Chap of 2 Samuel. I have read all the above works with much pleasure, and I hope some profit, but none with more of either than "Flavel on the heart"This small volume may be safely recommended to every one who is seeking for true happiness or true religian. Such a felicity of ex­ pression, cogency & clearness of reasoning, and scill in quoting, illustrating and applying the Scriptures both of the Old & New Testament, every where appears in the work as to interest and convince and profit every inquirer after truth. The author doubt­ less had long and carefully studied the mysteries of his own heart. He had searched it and judged it impartially by the light of divine revelation. He had properly weighed his obligations to his Maker and his fellow men and without running into wild speculations looked at the endless vicissitudes of human life, the weakness of fallen man, and the various dangers which beset the xtian pilgrim on his journey home: and bringing the stores of reason & religion to his aid proposes a balm for every wound a cordial for every fearThe reading of Whitfields life, I think was profitable to meSince the days of the Apostles there arose not a greater (man) than this servant of the Lord Jesus- 0, what zeal, what wisdom, what industry, patience, boldness and benevolance, he constantly displayed.' His whole clerical career was glorious, and it terminated gloriously. Though in perils oft, he ceased not while he had strength to do his Masters work- He has well been compared to the angel in the Apocalypse, who was seen flying in the midst of heaven, with the everlasting gospel in his hand. Whitfield is resting 3E±om his labours, and 0 if every soul born into the Kingdom, by his instru­ mentality, be a gem in his eternal crown, what a splendid diadem shall it be.' I had rather receive his reward than be king of the universe and be a sinner- �- 18 Rev. Thomas Scott, for unwearied perseverance in study, and preaching the word, amidst trials, both in his own person, and from his enemies, which were not few, presents an example that is enough (to) cover common men with shame and confusion. Legh Richmond also is a lovely character. He was remarkable for the sweetness of his temper, the gentleness of his manners, his concientiousness in duty, and his expansive benevolence. For the benefit of Gods ancient people he was indefatigable in labour. His example also as a parent is worthy of notice. But what is the advantage of so much reading, unless we are profited thereby? Here I have cause for humiliation. After all my reading I seem to grow no better. Knowledge is of little use un­ less it makes its possesser more humble, wise, and useful. But I fear it is not so with me: May God give me more of his spirit to sanctify all my reading, and make it contribute to my usefulness and his glory— April 18th S. Lat 5°. Lon.105° This morning two vessels appeared off our larboard bow, the Lima of Nantucket and the Galena of N. Bedford. Capt. Winslow of the Lima visited us and spent a short time on the Averick. He has been out above 10 months and has secured about 500 Bis of oil, and expects to remain in this region as long as he has success. He informed us that he had a long (60 days) and stormy voyage around Cape Horne- Expecting that he might have an pppertunity of sending to America soon, we gave him some letters to transmit to our friends. It is gratifying after being several months at sea to behold the countenance of a countryman of another vessel. I have just finished reading Taylors Holy Living and Dying, and must say that I have read few books with more interest and profit. The Author is well styled, the Shakespere of Divinity; for a knowledge of human nature, of the history of ancient nations, and the word of God, all of which he brings to bear on his subject, he certainly excells. April 27th Lat. b° N. Long. 119°. During the night of the 23d we crossed the Equator, three months and twenty three days after crossing it in the Atlantic. The weather is now very similar to what it was in the same lat. in the other Ocean, rather rainy and swampy. The heat in the middle of the day is very intense unless it is cloudy, yet it is generally much moderated by sea breezes: These are a great blessing to those who “ go down to the sea in ships." I find that something has had con­ siderable effect on my appetite, as it (is) not so voracious as formerly- I find it profitable too to eat moderately of as light diet as I can get, and also to exercise freely and regularly- But �- 19 it is one inconvenience on such long voyages that the provisions become stale, and much of the diet consists of animal food- My health is however very good, as also of all on board except one or two of the ladies who are rather feeble yet. Yesterday was a day of considerable excitement on board. The cry "there she breeches", "there she blows was heard just after dinner from the mast head and the spouts and backs of Sperm whales were soon seen at a small distance from the ship- Four boats were lowered down immediately, but before they reached the spot where the whales were seen, they disappeared and were not seen again until the boats had returned and the ship was again under sail. A number were then seen close by us, and three boats were lowered down and went (in) pursuit of them but they seem to have been frightened and the boats were unable to overtake them, although they pursued them about three miles. We now enjoy a refreshing shower of rain. The following is a list of the names of our brethren and sisters together with their weights (157 lb. (119. William P. Alexander Mary Ann McKinney Age State 26 Paris, Ky. 22 Harrisburgh, Pa. (135 (115 Richd Armstrong Clarissa Chapman 26 (133 (103 Alonzo Chapin Mary Ann Jenny 27 W. Springfield, Mass. 27 Boston U5k ( 98 John S. Emerson Ursula S. Newell 31 25 (111 (1^3 Cochran Forbes Rabecca Smith 26 Westown, Pa. 26 Newark, N. J. (135 ( Henry R. Hitchcock Rabeca Howard 31 23 (1^3 (12k David B. Lyman Sarah Joiner 28 New Hartford, Conn. 26 Royalton, Vt. (111 (100 Lorenzo Lyons Betsy Curtis 2k 19 Colerain, Mass. Eldridge, N. Y. (123 (119 Ephraim Spaulding Julia Brooks 29 Ludlow, Vt. Edward Rodgers 25 Boston Weight 128 25 'T ' Pa. Russel, Mass. Chester, N.Hampshire Nelson, Do. fry Gt. .Berrington, Mass. Owasco, N. Y. 21 Buckland, Mass. These names and ages were taken down during the former part of my voyage, and of course are not precisely correct at present. The weights were ascertained last week by an old pair of steel-yards on deck. �- 20 April 30th Lat. 7 . Long. 121° Nothing unusual has oecured within a few days past. The weather is very variable; sometimes clear and warm, but generally cloudy, and heavy. We have recently had abundance of rain, and of course plenty for washing clothes. To this unaccostomed labour most or rather all of our brethren have been obliged to address themselves- We have been even glad to be able to get water to do it with, for this is one of the most valuable articles on a long voyage. I have washed almost entirely in salt water since we embarked. I am now reading the last vol. of Eberles Mat. Med. and think it will be profitable to me. But I feel much the want of a more extensive acquaintance with medicines from observation. I am also reading the last part of the Pilgrims progress- a book full of important truth. One of the most interesting as well as profitable means of get­ ting exercise on board is the turning-lathe. This impliment has kept up an almost incessant clatter ever since we recovered from sea-sick­ ness. We have all had a turn at it: Its productions have been handles of various kinds, sugar dishes, salt-cellars, sugar dishes, pepper boxes, sand-boxes, etc. Br. Alexander procured a limb of sandal-wood on the Isl. of Juan Fz which has been divided and subdivided among us until all are supplyed with some little curiosity to send to our friends. The wood is solid and receives a beautiful pollish under the chissel. Br. Spaulding owing to former experience excels all of us at the lathe. He has turned several beautiful sand boxes and emery-boxes or cups, e.i. cups in the form of very small wine glasses into wh. emery balls may be glewed for the purpose (of) holding needles. I should here record what I have before omited that Thursday the 19th of Apl was set apart by us as a day of fasting, humilia­ tion and prayer to God, in view of our lukewarmness over want of success among the sailors, our unhallowed feelings towards God and each other, and in short our sins in the sight of God- It was I trust good day to our souls, although no very palpable fruits are yet manifest. We held two meetings for prayer and conversation one at 3 o.clock in the afternoon, the other in the evening; At the former we each one confessed our sins before God and to each other, and implored forgiveness & the divine blessing to attend us in future. The principal sins confessed were levity, iratability, selfishness, unbrotherly feelings toward each other, and a want of zeal for God; There seems to be a better state of feeling among us since that time, but for one I feel as though I am still going on at the same "poor dying rate". My heart wanders from God and my affections and feeble and cold- 0 that God wd deliver me from my besetting sins, of which those just mentioned are some, but not the one thousandth part- �- 21 As to the officers and crew, if there is any change in them it is for the better. The Capt. is still attentive to meetings and daily worship, and sometimes appears to be thoughtful, but there is nothing decisive in his case. Mr. Chadwick appears to be somewhat softened dovm but is still far from righteousness. May 1st We are still in the Swamp and have head winds; But the heat is not very intense. It is now in my birth 82° Farenhight. Within a few days the ruling passion among us has been that of writing. The brethren are writing up their journals and preparing letters for their friends, but as is usual I am among the last to be seized with this passion. Somehow or other, I write but little, perhaps because I feel so little interest in noting the passing common events of every day. I will now however tjry to remedy the defect in some measure by stating some minute particulars in our manner of living. Agreeably to our custom one is appointed every week to super­ intend the affairs of the table. His duty it is to deal out the provisions to the Stuard from day to day: and a sholesome task it is. He has the exquisite pleasure of going once or twice a day into the , and there to lift, and struggle, and sweat amidst ropes and casks and smell the most offensive until he is fully satisfied. The reason of his having this duty to perform is because of the carelessness of the Steward and cabin boys, whose appropriate duty it is to attend to these things. The Steward understands his duty but cares not to perform it, finless he is under the influence either of the rope or flattery. He has since our imbarkation taken several paroxisms of all feeling and ill conduct, but recently has been pretty good. Our cabin boy John Case too is a very bad boy. He is both ill natured and unwilling to do his duty without chastise­ ment. But he too has lately improved very much. He is more pleasant and more dutiful than formerly. With these the Butler must deal, and get along the best way he can. He also waits on the table with an assistant and their two wives, and continues in office one week; And so it goes on alphabetically. Dr. Chapin was appointed by the board to take charge of our provisions but the task proved rather burdensome wh. led to the above regulations. Our provision upon the whole has been good and well preserved. Our pork is fine but very fat, our hams are excellent our beef both dried & salt is fine. I have not yet become fond of the sea-bread but when toasted, or made in pudding it is quite palatable; we have also good crackers, good peas, beans, tollerable good butter, but no cheese as it was damaged during the former part of the voyage. I find tea coffee and chockolate rather unsuitable for my system in this climate and am half resolved to abandon the use of them. A beverage made of the shells of the cocoa is very pleasent and destitute of the bad qualities of the other drinks. Our dried apples cannot be found wh. is quite a misfortune. �- 22 April 3d. For ten days we have been in the Swamp. We have variable winds, much rain, and cloudy sultry weather, but this evening we seem to be again in the trade wimds and are going at the rate of 10 knots an hour. All is well: yesterday a fine Dolphin was caught by one of the sailors, which is among the most beautiful of fish. There are multitudes of them and skipjacks, flying fish, dollars, and large white tropical birds around the ship. All are engaged in writing today. May 9th Lat. 18°.15! Long. 1^2° Today about 12 o.clock the sun to us was perpendicular but owing to a strong trade wind, the heat was not very intense. Indeed this evening at worship some of our wives had their cloaks on and found them comforting— Have spent the forenoon in rigging a tub or looking at Mr. Maxie doing it- All is well without, for several days we have had a strong trade-wind. We had a perpendicular on the 13th Jan. in the Atlantic in Lat.21° .*+5Three months and 26 days. May 21 Honolulu On Thursday morning (17th) last we came to anchor in this harbour, and beheld for the first time the sable heathen among whom we so long expected to live and labour. Our brethren early in the morning discryed the American flag waving at our mast head and came on board to welcome us to the toils, privations & privileges of the missionary-life. They imbraced us most cordially, and soon we were conveyed in boats to the town & were again greeted by the sisters of the mission at their houses. Soon we assembled at Mr. Chamberlin, which is large & commodious where the general letter from the board was read by Mr. Bingham, and a hymn sung & a prayer offered to God for his blessing on us all. I was affected at the simplicity and apparent godly sincerity of our brethren here. Their hearts seem to be in the worke before them. 0 may we all forget the things that are behind, and place our hearts upon our work and live for him who loved us and gave himself for us. On Saturday night I preached at Mr. C ’ s from Phil.2.5, but felt under some constraint and my thoughts were wild & confused. June 5th Honolulu ' This has been a day of peculiar interest in this placeThe people are overwhelmed with sorrow in consequence of the death of the regent Kaahumanu, the wife of Iawahameha/. Her desease was a diarhea, and has been preying on her system since our first arrival and before it. A few days ago she was removed to her country residence in the valley of Manoa, where there is a fresh breeze and pleasent scenery, and where she was faithfully attended by three physicians: but all efforts to restore her to health were vain. Heavens decree was that she must die, but it pleased God �- 23 to prepare her for the solemn event- Her house was set in order and her lamp burning- She died in the exercise of a firm faith and lively hope in Christ. The voice of wailing is heard in all directions and many seem to be sincerely sorrowful at the loss of their pious regent- She was much beloved and useful in her latter days. Mr. Bingham, "Whitney and several of the other Missionaries were present when she died- Her loss will be sensibly felt by the Mission, but it is better to put confidence in God than in princes. Today Br. Alexander & I visited the valley of Manoa. June 26th Honolulu- We have just closed our annual meeting and our brethren and their families are beginning to scatter to their respective stations. We were more than three weeks in session, during which time questions of the last importance to the welfare of the mission were brought under discussions Among these we?e the principal were the propriety of establishing a mission on the Marquesas or Washington Islands, the relative advantages of fixed salaries when compared with the common stock system, improvement of the high school, location of last reinforcement, the disposal of books, and the means of affecting a revolution in the present oppressive system of taxa­ tion in the government. The two first of these occupied the meeting Several whole days, especially the Marquesas question. The subject was dark and frought with difficulties on every hand, but after four or five days deliberation, it was resolved to send a deputa­ tion to the Society Islands to confer with our English brethren there on the subject of a mission to the Marquesas, as the princi­ pal difficulty in our way arose from their request that we should not occupy that field. July 16th This evening an event has occured which I deem worthy of a place both in my journal and in my memory. A missionary society has been formed amongst the members of the church in this place for the pur­ pose of aiding in the extension of the Redeemers Kingdom in neighbouring islands. The most sanguine hopes of the brethren have been exceeded in this affair, for none anticipated such re­ sults. It was remarked by one of the pioneers of this mission today at dinner that he did not believe that one of the chiefs would contribute a dollar for the object but how pointedly has his unbelief been reproved.1 About $107-2 has been already paid in & more is expected. Considering all circumstances, the recent ignorance and heathenish state of the people, their contracted views, and want of training to such duties, and above all their poverty, and the difficulties they have to get a little money, this is truly encouraging- They seem to engage cheerfully in the �- 2h - work, some of the chiefs gave five dollars each, and governor Adams gave $2*f.50. May these dear people find by experience that there is that giveth and yet increaseth, and that it is more blessed to give than to receive.' July 18th Yesterday I became a father and of course now am the subject of feelings before entirely unknown to me- An infant daughter is now commited to our charge, to train up for usefulness, for happiness, and for heaven: and who is sufficient for the responsi­ bility! I cannot think of it without agitation. But we have both I trust, in faith given it to God, and out of the mouths of babes and sucklings he hath ordained praise. If we train it up in the way it should go, we have his declaration, that when it is old, it will not depart from it. If I know in my heart, it is my desire that whatever may be the lot of this child in the present world, God will save it from the ruins of the fall and raise it to glory and immortality beyond the grave, through the infinite merits of his son Jesus ChristThis afternoon the Miss. Packet has sailed for the Society & Georgian Islands, to carry Brs. Whitney, Tinker, and Alexander on a deputation to those islands, in order to confer with the Eng. Missionaries there in reference to a mission to the Marquesas islands, and the spread of the gospel in the other islands of the Pacific. Aug. 13th Honolulu The Man of War. Patomac, commanded Downs is now here- This is a fine large brig of sixty guns and carries, officers and all, 500 men- She has recently been engaged in a bloody battle with the Malays on the coast of Summatra, who commited some outrage upon an American Merchant vessel. They took possession of five ports, burned their town, the town of and killed about 100 men. The Patomac has been here ^ weeks and expects to sail to-morrow for Valparaise- Com. Downs has conducted himself, so far as I know, with very great propriety since he has been here. He has called frequently at our houses, taken tea with the missionaries several times, and attended church on the Sabbath. In his deportment he is polite and affable, easy in his manners, and very fond of ladies and children. Some of the officers have manifasted hostility to the mission but many of them have mani­ fested much kindness towards us, and have made liberal donations to all our familie of conveniences for clothing house-keeping- One deserves to be kept in memory; The crew have purchased an excellent bell for the church in this place, and presented it. This will be an invaluable gift for this people. The young King Kauekeouli was absent when the Patomac arrived, but was sent for to Maui: Since his arrival here he has made several �- 25 entertainment for the Commander and his officers, one in the valley of Manoa and the other in the Parrey. These the natives call a Luau, from a part of the Karo-top, which forms an important part of the feast- Not much however can be said in favour of the moral tendency of these entertainments- The Commander in turn gave an entertainment on board his vessel, to the chiefs, missionaries and foreigners- The dinner was sumptuous, and good order prevailed so long as I was on board. A dead set has been made against the mission since the Man of War has been here, by the foreign residents, but if God is for the mission who can be against it? On Saturday, I preached on board the Patomac, (it being their Sunday) from Heb.l2-lM~ and was kindly treated- The men were attentive and some appeared solemn- The names of the Principal officers are the following- Com. Downs, Lieut. Zubrick, Lieut. Wilson, Lieut. Pinkam, Purser Mr. Slacum, Chaplain John M. Grier, Surgeon Dr. Jack­ son, Assist. Surgeon Dr. Folse, Teacher Mr. Warrener. Mr. Grier & Mr. Warrener have lived among the missionaries since they have been in port. Sept. 15th Yesterday Mr. Fenlyson the governor of the colony at Columbia River, sailed from this place. The items of information respecting the Indians on the N.W. coast are the following- that the Indians are considerably numerous, generally stationary on the cost, but roving in the interior where they live by the chase; they are found in groups of ^00 or 500 each, and live on fish principally on the coast- are very savage and hostile to foreigners; but the governor thinks it possible to civilize and christianize them. One and the most destructive evil prevalent among them is intemperance. This is very prevalent tho the J&um is not supplyed by the H. B. company but from vessels touching there occasionally- they all believe in the existance of a Supreme Being and believe in a future state of rewards and punishments though these rewards and punishments will be to their own crude notions of pleasure and pain. Those that live by hunting believe that good people will go where they will catch plenty of deer and buffaloe, and have good weather always, but the bad will go where they will be always chasing deer but will never be able to catch any and of course be always hungry. They worship idols, the sun and moon, the stars, etc. Mr. Douglas informed me that vast numbers of them had been carried off by desease recently. Nov. 17th This morning at sunrise the Missionary Packet was seen by us off Diamond Hill. The Hawaian flag at her mast-head assured us that we were not mistaken in supposing she had returned from a voyage to the Society, Georgian and Marquesas Islands. Filled with anxiety to know the result of a conference with our English brethren of the South-sea islands, of a visit to the Marquesas Ils. and fearful that some one of the little band might have fallen a prey to death on the passage, Br. J^SJL and I went to the whorf, �where a friend furnished us with a boat & crew to convey us on board the Ann, a whale ship commanded by Capt. Brayton: there another boat and crew were furnished us to go out and meet the Packet. All on board were safe, Br. Whitney having remained at Maui, Brs. Alexander and Tinker alone stood on the deck to receive us. They were in good health and buoyant spirits, and taking a seat in our boat came on shore, and were received into the embraces of their beloved wives and the mission families. After breakfast all the brethren and sisters of the station assembled at our house to join in thanksgiving to God for his mercy and to hear the result of their observations and inquiries. Mr. Tinker read an abridged account of them, in which we all felt a deep interest. The deputation reported that the English brethren in the South Seas were with one exception willing that we should go on and occupy the Washington islands, and that those islands were in a favourable state for the reception of missionaries. They express strong desires to have usgo among them speedily. May the great head of the church gratify their wishes and send them the bread of life as fast as the wings of the wind can carry it. July 15. On board the brig. Dhaulle in lat.0°. & Long.l^l W. We are no (now) l*f days from Honolulu during most of which time we have had strong winds and of course much sea sickness, though not more than we anticipated- have had but two days of calm rainy weather in the swamp which we are now past and today are running close upon a strong southern trade wind. We are all tollerably well, though our ladies somewhat enfeebled by heat and sea sickness- Our accommodations are not of the best kind, as our room Is small & much filled up with baggage but we have no reason to complain. The Lord has mercifully keep us so far, and will be our refuge still. Capt. Bancroft is pleasant and indulgent to us, for which I desire to be thankful. I can hardly conceive of a more intollerable prison than to be placed on board a small vessel with poor accommodations, distressed & dispirited with sea-sickness, and withal an unkind, unobliging, unfeeling captain. We have plenty of food and it is well prepared at proper seasons, and our only regret is that so much of it is animal. We have prayers in our cabin in on deck when the Capt. & Mr. Smith, a sometimes the two mates Messrs Gibson ing on Sabbath either in the cabin or the morning & in the evening passenger, always attend & & Brown- We have also preach­ on deck. Our little Caroline we find to be a troublesome charge on the vessel, but we have been providentially provided with a faith­ ful native man of the S.(?) Islands, who is able & willing to take almost the entire care of her. �- 27 J j M 2b Tahiti Arrived here this morning about 10 o.clock. This is certainly a beautiful island. Nature here wears her loveliest dress. The eye every where meets with virdant & fruitful groves. From the beach to the topmost pinacle of the mountain everything is green & flourishing. But the state of morals among the Tahitians is deplorable. The mass of the population is given to idleness, dissipation & vice. Intemperance is the great master evil of this fair land. It runs through every grade of society and extends its baleful influence to every part of this group of islands. This too is (?) here as elsewhere of ten thousand other evils scarcely less appaling than itself. Time is spent in idleness & folly, books & mental improvement neglected, equity disregarded family discord & strife produced, and above all the vast concerns of the soul neglected. Intemperence in my view turns the whole complexion of society dark and dismal any where, but among a heathen people unaccustomed to restraints, it makes dreadful havoc- War too has been here with some of its bloody horrors- It was occasioned by the late marriage of the Queen Pomare which, seeing she had not been divorced from her former husband, some of her people regarded as unlawful, and therefore considered themselves justified in disregarding her authority as Queen. After using various concilia­ tory measures, which had no effect, the Queen sent an armed force & after a smart skirmish in which between 20 & 30 were killed, the rebels were completely routed. Peace is now restored, but as it is not the peace of the Gospel, its foundation is but sand; the wicked are like the troubled sea that cannot rest. We have been kindly received & hospitably entertained in the family of Rev. Z. Pritchard, to whom & his wife we feel under great obligations for their kindness to us all, and especially to our ladies who were enfeebled by sea-sickness. 25. Mr. Bicknel, a merchant here & relative to an elder member of the mission now deceased, has given us a fine young cow & calfthe choice of his numerous herd of cattle. This gentleman dertainly deserves our thanks; He has thus testified at once his generosity, his interest in our cause, and his concern for our welfare. 26. This afternoon we took leave of our kind Christian friends Mr. & Mrs. Pritchard & are now on our way before a fine westerly wind to the land of our future toils & cares. August 10th. Massachusetts bay- Island of Nuuhiva. The Dhaulle came to anchor this morning. Our deck was soon crowded with naked and noisy natives who (men, women & children) came swimming off to us in multitudes, as soon as the anchor was east. It throws a shade �- 28 of melancholy over my weak mind to think of spending my days among these wild, naked, rude & fierce barbarians: But I find consolation in the Gospel, whose truths never were more cheering to my mindOf how small importance is it where a man is or what are his circum­ stances in this life, if he possesses a well grounded hope of a pure, holy & eternal rest in the Kingdom above! This hope is now, & may it ever be, the anchor of my soul. One of our first items of information was very melancholy, and calculated to produce fear in our breasts. About 3 weeks ago, several foreigners residing in this valley, went in a boat to the other side of the island for the purpose of trading with a small tribe living there: While some distance from the shore, the natives rose upon them, and attempted to murder all of them, but two of them Collins & Morrison, taking the alarm in season made their escape through the assistance of some friendly natives. But two others by the name of were killed by clubs and eaten by their murderers. In a few minutes after they were killed, their bowels were taken out and eaten raw.1 What can be more revolting to the feelings of human nature than such an act? The bodies were hung up to become tender before they were eaten. The distressing event is said to have been owing to a dispute which the two foreigners Collins & Morrison who escaped, had had with the king of the valley of Iaiou. It was his intention to have killed them, but providentially the stroke fell on two others. This even illustrates what is the state morals among this hitherto neglected people. Hape, the most important chief in this valley is still sick; but lying on his ba£k he received us with much apparent kindness and at once offered us his own house to live in. We found him lying on a single mat in his house and much wasted away. All the chiefs & people appear to be pleased with our coming, but it is evident that they are only looking at the lo(a)ves & fishes, instead of any spiritual advantage- They expect that our coming will bring many ships here & they will get to be as great a people as those of Oahu. Nothing excited so much interest as our wives & children. While they remained in their cabin, which they deemed most prudent until the curriosity of the natives had abated, every hatch & hole through which they cd be seen was thronged with astonished spectatorsThe actions of some of them were truly ludicrous, when they first saw the ladies & children; They jumped on the deck, clapped their hands, laughed & uttered words of astonishment: While others showed their perfect destitution of delicacy by lascivious gestures & the most filthy language. In this respect too the females are no better than the males- They all seem to be indelicate as even the brutes, and more so. 7 A .i, isVj 12 . Today Mrs. Parker & Mrs. Armstrong ventured on shore- the first foreign females that ever came ashore in these islands. The interest �- 29 they excited and the actions of the natives are not easily described. They came running from every quarter inquiring of each other ihea ta oahij^e "where are the women?" They crowded so close upon us before & behind that it was difficult to pass along the beech comfortably. Some would come up close to the ladies as they walked by our sides, and look under their bonnets, then dance, & shout, & laugh & run as though they had really lost their senses. Some of the men were rather troublesome, but after a short call on Hape we returned to the ship in safety. The natural scenery of this valley certainly merits all that has been said in its praise. The lofty hills which encircle it are barren towards the top, but so firtile is the land and so plentiful the showers of rain and the streams of water running here & there down from the hills that the whole valley is covered with the most beautiful groves of bread-fruit, cocoanuts & a great variety of small shrubbery as well as mats of luxuriant vines, grass 8tc. 15 . Today we left the Dhaulle to take up our abode among these rude, noisy & depraved islanders. They have been as kind as we cd expect in carrying our goods ashore, & from the landing to the house: Nothing has yet been stolen from us; not because there is no disposition on the part of the natives to steal but much owing to the vigilence of Hape who, being unable to walk, had himself carried to where our goods were landed & there lay & watched them all day long. When any small article was landed such as might be easily carried off he had it laid close by him that he might watch it. This afternoon our house a scene of noise & confusion. It is a half house, built of small poles & covered with bread-fruit leaf. It is about ^5 feet long &:i12 wide. 10 feet is divided off for a store-room & when the other part is divided it leaves us about 12 feet square for each family. When our beds & small furniture are put in this, we have hardly room to move. This afternoon our windows & doors are so crowded that we suffer for want of air- a thing we very much need when labouring to regulate things inside. It has been a hard day upon our wives, who were weakened somewhat by the voyage & have had to come ashore in the burning sun in the midst of a crowd of noisy, rude & troublesome natives, and then had to go to work and fix things so as to be able to live. With all our efforts we have not been able to keep the natives out of our rooms so as to enable us to get along with our work. Like Aesop's flies, driving out one set would only leave room for another twice as troublesome to enter. 21. Today the Dhaulle has left us & we are thrown more than ever on divine providence. �- 30 September 1-2 Today as our custom is we had english service at 10 0,clocksermon by Mr. Parker- text "prepare to meet thy God" All the foreign­ ers who understand our language, with one exception were present & gave good attention. May the spirit of God send the truth to their hearts & make it effectual to their salvation. Our sanctuary has hitherto been Hapes house which he offered to us the first sabbath we were ashore & we have thought best to continue it there, It is built of small poles & leaves, with one side open, and the eve so low that we must stoop very low to enter it & after we have entered can stand erect only near the middle. The natives crowd around us & gaze while we are at worship; they appear to be much interested in the singing, but the whole performance seems to be a strange thing to them- We have some men building houses & although they work but little any day we could not prevail on them to leave off to-day- We are here deprived of the solemn sailings of the Sabbath, we have been accustomed to enjoy. Heathen songs & plays & tumults constantly disturb our rest & meditations. We are so close to the shore that the noise of a heavy surf sometimes drowns all other sounds except the screams of the natives playing in it, and we are unable to hear when we speak to each other, but we have (not) been so much disturbed to­ day by any thing as by the play called here the uta- in the Sand­ wich Islands, the huda. The exercise consists of clapping of hands so as to keep regular time & send forth different sounds. At a distance this sounds very much to me like many axes cutting timber in a forest- all going at once. But while the company six in a circle clapping their hands, one or two stand up and doubling up one arm so as to form a hollow inside the elbow, strike oh it with the palm of the other hand which produces a loud hollow sound like beating on a hollow log. Another important part of the play is beating the drum: This is made simply of a log hollowed out, with a sharks skin stretched over the ends, and the music of it is no better than beating on an empty barrel. There are commonly^several of these in a play, and they can be heard at considerable distance. The whole is accompMifed’ with a kind of song or chant and in the whole performance a strict regard is had to time. The uta is the common play at all the feasts, and both the sound and the sight of it looks as much like heathenism as anything I see. *•*? Feasts here are numerous and last for several days. Hape had one about the time of our arrival in commemmoration of his mother, at whifih about 80 hogs were killed and a great quantity of popoi was consumed; and there have been several recently in our neighborhood, the noise of which could be heard all over the valley- The guests eat enormously at these feasts, and much food is wasted by them as well as time. The food of the natives consist almost entirely of bread-fruit, cocoanuts, fish & pork. Of the two last they have not abundance, �- 31 at least at present, but they have commonly a sufficiency of the two former- The cocoanuts are the largest and finest I ever saw and the bread-fruit yields three crops in the year, one of which is much more plentiful than the other two. During these seasons, the natives bury in the ground what lasts them until the next season. This that is buried when dug up & pounded into a thick paste is what is called popoi. One of our first objects is to build convenient houses to dwell in, but we find no small difficulty in either getting timber or natives to work. The only timber fit for building is bread­ fruit & cocoanut, and these as they afford their only means of subsistance, the natives are unwilling to cut down; And we are unable to get them to work, because we have but little to hire them with, that they value- The things most sought after by them are powder, muskets, files, axes, iron hoops, & tobacco; of which we have none but a few files & hatchets consequently we can get but little work done: For one quid of tobacco I can hire a native to work a whole day, while he would turn up his nose at one hundred times its value in another article. Money they know nothing about. But we have by perseverence and the good will of Hape, suc­ ceeded in getting most of the larger sticks of timber for our houses though we are obliged to go ourselves and work with our men. It requires no small amount of patience to get along with such a people. They are greatly averse to any kind of work, and when they do attempt it, one works while half a dozen look on: And if a native works two or three hours in a day it is as much as he is willing to do. Like all other heathen this people are slaves to superstition. At every step we are liable to run across their tabus. When Hape offered us his house to live in, a cocoanut log lay in it which we wished to have removed. He assented but evidently with reluctance and when it was removed by ourselves (for no Marquesian would take hold of it) a number around us shed tears lest no strangers would any more come to that house. There are also bread-fruit trees which a native would not eat for any price, neither would he eat a fowl, or a certain kind of hog for any consideration. Our watches are re­ garded as Gods and I suppose some have a notion that we possess singular power over the lives & welfare of men. Indeed one man said the other day in a company where we were the subject of conversation, that he was sure we could take all those old men who have long white beards and transform them into young men. They are a people too who see a great many ghosts & apparitions in the night, of which they are very much afraid, and consequently seldom go abroad alone in the night. �- 32 15. Sabbath .'£?(*+• Our preaching in the native language commenced today. Br. Alexander endeavoured to tell those who assembled though few, something about Jehovah, the true God. The sermon did not exceed two minutes in length, but seemed to be comprehended, and arrested their attention as well as could be expected. I asked some women after the exercise if they understood what was said they replied that they did, and approved of it, but said the most of the people did not like our God. They are an unthinking people & it is very difficult to engage their attention to any subject which requires thought, or is not connected with their immediate temporal concernsThe Spirit of God however can bring the dead to life, in his agency is our hope19. Today I have attended moanas wedding. In the morning we were told of his intention, and Mr. Alexander & myself concluded to accompany him to the house of his bride. His head was shaved in the morning, and dressed off with a wrapper of white tapa, a wreathe of handsome feathers, and a long human beard inserted so as to stand up like a cockade on the forehead- A string of whales teeth were cast about his neck, large bunches of human hair tied around his ancles, and a thick fold of tapa around his loins; These constituted his marriage dress. Preceeded by two of his old fathers, he set off for the house of his bride about 2 miles inland. On our arrival at the house, we found three women sitting before the door with a large piece of tapa spread on their laps ready to re­ ceive the young chief; He took his seat on one of their laps, and Br. A. & I sat on each side of him. The bride, a very pretty girl of about 12 or 13 years, sat inside on a fine new mat; dressed with a fold of white tapa, a fine turban of the same, and a piece of red tapa around her waist. By & by Moana came in & took his seat by her side, and an hour or two were spent in talking beating the drums, in performing the uta. and then a scene of feasting on bread-fruit, cocoa-nut milk and hogs which is to last for several days. We had pressing invitations to stay & partake of their feast but begged to be excused, & returned home22 . My first effort at preaching in the Marquesian language was made to-day. My subject was Jesus Christ, and the sermon not more than three minutes in length. The audience was small chiefly com­ posed of women & children: And so great was their disorder, talk­ ing and laughing, that I could scarcely hear myself speak all the time, though I find some who sat near me heard and understood most of what was said. In the afternoon I conversed with several on the subject of the sermon, and I feel satisfied that this people will not give up their idolatry without a struggle. They say our God is kikino (bad) because he will not allow one women to have more than one husband, or rather, will not allow her to have as many as �- 33 she pleases. They say Christ is kikino because he was killed and put in the ground: And their gods are good. I have not yet met with one who is willing to abandon his idols, and break his tabus. In talking with two men this evening on the subject of their idols, they seemed to grow quite angry & treated our God with the utmost contempt. 30. Today returned from the valley of Iaioa which I visited in company with Mr. Angel. That valley though small certainly merits all that has been said in praise of its beauty. The old chief Iauahauia was not at home, but I spent a night in his house where I had a single mat to sleep on and kaku to eat; a crowd gathered in in the evening & I endeavoured to tell them of Jehovah & Jesus ChristThey said it was good, but stood to it that their Gods are true & powerful- I have not met with one native any where who is willing to renounce his Gods. The old prophet, as I saw him next day, de­ sired me to come and live with him, but he evidently only looks after loves (loaves?) & fishes He appeared to be exceedingly coveteous and in every respect a bad man. On attempting to return in a whale boat we were driven off to the leeward, the wind being strong, and put in to a small bay 6 or 7 miles south west of Iaioa from thence we traveled by land to this place. The most difficult & dangerous route I ever traveled- On the mountains we had a heavy shower which rendered our traveling still more fatiguing & un­ pleasant. On our return we found that Hape had had a rupture with his wife, and they had separated- He determined to pull down the house he lived in & burn it. This circumstance lead to the disclosure that they had often quarreled before & that nothing is more common than quarrels between husbands & wives- When we tell them the evils of their custom, of one woman having two or three husbands, they acknowledge the evils of it, and say it is the source of many quarrels & much misery both to parents & children. Oct. b. The more I become acquainted with this people, the more I am convinced of their awful state as to morals. Pauls description of heathen nations in the first & third chapters of his Epistle to the Romans, is not too strong to apply to them in the strictest sense. Indeed he might have added another to his catalogue of abominations not less horrid than the worst he has mentioned- I mean cannabolism- It is highly probable that many of the persons, especially the elder ones, around our doors every day have eaten human flesh and wd not hesitate to do it again if they had oppertunity, though they deny that they ever did it, and continually cast it as a reproach on the Iaipis that they, kaikai euaua (eat men)- A report is now in circulation that the natives intend when their old Iaua (or man god) dies they will kill us and take our property. The Iaua is now sick, and expected to die soon but the report does not trouble us much as our things are not of such a kind as to �- 3b - excite their cupidity very much, and because they know it wd be against their own interest to injure us In that case ships wd not be so likely to visit them, and this is their chief concern: At any rate we dwell in a strong city for the Lord is our refuge & rock, in him will we trust. If it is for his glory that we shd become martyrs, let his will be done. To depart & be with Christ is far better than dwelling amidst such a land as thisThe people do seem really be filled with all unrighteousness, fornication, wickedness, coveteousness, maliciousness, envy, murder, debate, deceit, malignaty. They are back-biters, haters of God, despiteful, proud, disobedient to parents- without understanding, covenant-breakers, without natural affection, implacable, unmerciful Their mouths are full of cursing & bitterness. Their throat is an open sepulcher- with their tongues they use deceit & the poison of asps is under their lips- Their feet are swift to shed blood: destruction & misery are in their way and the way of peace they have not known. There is no fear of God before their eyes. This forcible exhibition of heathenism is exceedingly applicable to this people in their present state- Not one of these epithets is in­ applicable, and others equally strong might be applied to them without exaggeration, such as maneaters, thieves, liars etc. The epithets most applicable in this description of the Apostles are the following; fornication, coveteousness, deceit, covenant-breakers With the first of these we meet every day. It is one of their most darling (daring?) sins, and one which it will require more than mere moral suasion to persuade them to abandon. The total destitu­ tion of delicacy both among males & females, renders their society almost intollerable for an hour to one who can understand their lan­ guage. Indeed I cannot see that they possess a whit more modesty or restraint than the inferior animals and many of them appear worse, for they take pains to exhibit their pollution & licentious­ ness in our presence. It seems to me that no language can be more applicable than that of the Apostle, "Their throat is an open sepulchre", from which streams of moral pestilence constantly pour forth- I scarcely set down a moment any where among a crowd of natives without either hearing something from their lips, or seeing something in their actions to distress & disgust me: Ana often I have returned home after being at work among them perfectly sick at heart & threwn myself down to seek forgetfulness of what I had seen & heard in sleep- What renders dealing with them in any respect perplexing is their unblushing falsehood. I believe I may safely say I have been told lies by natives since I have been here ten times for once I have been told the truth. Lying is common that they have no confidence in one anothers statements, and find it hard to believe we are sincere when we tell them the truth. When we have contracted with a man for a hog, or for a days work, or any such thing we are but little more sure of it than before unless we have something to offer that is exceedingly enticing. They are also full of deceit. In the presence of each other they will be very fair & friendly, while behind each others backs they will revile, calumniate, steal or injure the very same persons. We experience the same treatment $ls0 from them. Their thievishness �- 36 ill & expected soon to die when a human sacrifice must be offered according to custom. This they are devising plans to obtain, and it is said they intend to unite with the Iaipis who also desire a victim, and conquer this valley. The Iaipis have been expected here in the attitude of war for some time, on which account some of the foreigners & natives keep a watch every night on the beech in two or three places where they are expected to land. Their mode of attack is to come in the night in their large canoes & land at some convenient place or lay off & swim ashore. Then one proceeds silently to a house, looks in & counts the persons sleeping, when he returns & selects from his companions as many as there are individuals to be killed who with short heavy clubs in their hands proceed to the house & commence the work of death. They kill all if they can and carry them off for victims. Every few days we hear of skirmishes between the different tribes, & sometimes one two or as many as ten are killed, in a day, but they are so cowardly & unskillful in war that their conflicts are not generally bloody. A more implacable, deadly hatred cannot exist than what exists between the different tribes of this peopleThey may most truly be said to be "implacable, unmerciful.'1 What is to be our lot is very uncertain. We have sometimes fears within while there are fightings without, but they are a people given to so much falsehood, and so easily alarmed that we know not when or how much we are in danger. At any rate we dwell in a strong city for God is for us and who can be against us? This evening our little band observed the Lords Supper. It was a sweet season to me. I preached from Prov.if.23. May the Master of the feast ever attend us with his blessing in this lonely land, and keep us near the fountains of his grace. Nov. 3. V One of us still endeavours to say something to the people every Sabbath, but it is awkwardly spoken & imperfectly understood. We endeavour too in our daily intercourse with the people to call their attention to divine things, though for want of a knowledge of their language, what we say is very general and not very clear to them. We can however tell them that their Gods are lies and no Gods- that Jehova is the only true Gotl. We can also tell them that many of their customs & actions are evil, such as stealing, lying, filthy talk, fighting, evil speaking, adultery & the whole tribe of tabus, etc. But scarcely any effect of our example or instructions is yet perceptable. When we tell them their gods are tivaua (false), they reply that our God is tivaua, and has no power. Sometimes they will challenge us to cure Hape, the sick chief, and then they will break their tabus- They assert that their gods are powerful and will cite instances without number in which their power has been exhibited in killing men, in saving them, etc. But their �- 35 is another sin that rims wide & deep, and what is remarkable many of them with whom I have conversed contend that it is good to steal though they are fully sensible of its evil tendencies. This prevalence of theft is one source of the extreme poverty of the people. When we urge them to cultivate their lands and raise potatoes, fowls, etc. they reply “ what is the use, when it will be all stolen "from us"? They care not either to have any more property than they can either carry around with them, or have constantly under their eyes We often see a man with a knife fastened on a string around his neck, an old spoon or something else by way of ornament fastened on the same, with a long spear in his hand and this constitutes his fortune as far as household or personal property is concerneds Moreover it is much as he desires since more would be cumbersome to him, and require more care than he is willing to bestow upon it. But no sin grows more rank here than coveteousnesss They seem to look with a coveteous eye on every thing they see, that pleases their fancy, although if it were given them, they would not keep it a day, or return any thanks to the donors Such however is their indolence that their desire for property does not create industry. It is painful to witness the evil effects of the influence of foreigners on this people- I mean not the foreigners who reside amongst them but those who have visited them. Though they cannot understand a sentence of decent English many men, women & children have learned the most obscene & blasphemous words in our language. Their mouths are litterally "full of cursing & bitterness, & the poison of asps is under their tongues"- 0 that the time had come when the abundance of the sea shall be converted unto God, then seamen instead of spreading abroad among those who are already bad enough firebrands, arrows & death, will carry with them the sweet savour of the gospel. Oct. 13 . It is also true of this people that their feet are swift to shed blood, & the way of peace they have not known- Three days ago a company of Iaipis came to the head of this valley in order to procure a victim for sacrifice. They lay in ambush with their muskets until "several" this tribe, not suspecting, came along the path by which they lay, when they fired but missed their aim, and the others made their escape though narrowly. The fact is their hearts are full of war; it occupies a great part of their conversa­ tion, and thoughts- Muskets, powder & balls are in the greatest demand, though they are so unskillful as to be able to do but little injury on either side with all their apparatus of war. 27. The atmosphere is still filled with rumours of war. A re­ port is now abroad that the Iaipis & Iaioans intend to make war speedily against this bay & the Hapas. The Iaua of the Iaioans is �- 37 m«« feelings towards their gods are rather those of fear than of reverence & love; When challenged to show wherein their Gods show any love to them, they are at a stance & can make no reply. I have lately heard some of them openly say that their gods are false & bad- that they eat men, etc. and that Jehova is the true God. They have so little regard for truth however, that I have but little confidence in such expressions, especially when made in my presence. Some of the people however are evidently becoming ashamed of their foolish tabus. Whatever has been carried on mens shoulders is tabu for the women to pass over, and as I saw some women a few days ago passing along a path where some bread-fruit leaves were scattered which had been carried by the men, and carefully removing the leaves before them & laying them aside, I spoke to them, & told them how foolish they were, they were evidently embarrassed, and said by & by the tabu will be done; They said they were kikino (bad)Qne thing is evident that the tabus are very oppressive to the women, much more so than to the men, and therefore they will be likely first to cast them off. Indeed it is not difficult now to persuade many of the women to violate a tabu, provided no men are present, but as they are so much in favor of the men, they are interested to uphold them and therefore will deride & abuse severely any who will break them. When the men make a feast, they take care to carry all this food into a tabu house, whither the women cannot go, and there they will feast day after day, while their families at home are suffering from hunger, not because there is no food, for natures God has provided abundance of that in this land but because they cannot climb the bread-fruit trees & get it. And when the husband comes home at night after feasting & carousing all day, he will throw himself down on his mat and say his belly is full, and how can he clim£ a bread-fruit tree now? 7th. Mo-- Today moved into our new house- It has been a day of care & bustle and yet one attended with many pleasant feelings. Our situation has heretofore been extremely uncomfortable, our room small, crowded & exposed continually to the noise, filthy language, intrusions & theft of the natives, the inconvenience attending our cooking out in the public street, where our wives, if they ventured out, were liable to be insulted and maltreated, and above all in the case of my own family our little Caroline, now fifteen months and just acquiring language, was becoming familiar with native sounds and learning native words much faster than our own, that we have looked sometimes with almost a feverish impatience to the time when we could find some relief in a more comfortable house and a more retired situation. To this day therefore we have looked with no or­ dinary anticipations of relief, and yet we have feard that the transportation of our goods tho the distance is not over ten rods �- 38 might so excite the cupidity of the natives as to expose them to plunder or a great deal of theft but we had less difficulty than we anticipated; though we have found it necessary to use the utmost care & vigilance in our power in removing our things. While two or three stout men carried, some of us remained in the room we left and others in the new house, as watchers. Nothing has yet been stolen, whatever may happen hereafter. 29. For several days past the very atmosphere has been filled with roumers of war- Blood-shed & death constitute the almost entire con versation of both natives & foreigners, and the latter have been so alarmed as to keep watch all night, lest their enemies come upon them while asleep. The first report was that the Iaipis had formed an alliance with the Iaioans to make war on the Iayis and extermi­ nate them wholly. It seems however this is nothing more than idle talk of which there is not a little afloat continually. At any rate we have seen no good evidence as yet that such an alliance has been formed - - It has also been reported day after day that the Iaipis intend coming by night in twelve canoes to obtain a victim in this valley. It has also been said that the Iaipis have threatened to come & burn our houses while we are asleep, because we live amongst the Ieis and are regarded as their friends. The channel through which these reports pass is the relativesbf the Ieis, who live amongst the Iaipis, & communnicate with their friends here. This is a people so much given to falsehood, and have so little else to do but talk, that it is difficult for us to know how much danger we are in, or whether we are in any or not. At any rate we dwell in a strong city for the Lord is our refuge & rock: In Him we may trust tho the heathen rage and plot destruction against us. *T Dec. 3. Hape who has long been ill seems to be fast approaching his end on earth, which occasions some new exhibitions of heathenism: He lies in a small house, which is at particular times filled with women who come to wail over him. But their tears do not appear to be those of very deep-rooted affection as they may be seen sitting with their hair all disshiveled, the tears streaming from their eyes and they uttering the loudest lamentations over their sicK chief, and in a minute or two the same individuals are seen laughing as loud as they were crying before, and indulging themselves in levity & folly; The heathen are without natural affection. The way the men express their sorrow is by beating drums, blowing conchs, clapping hands, singing songs, etc. In the night season they sometimes keep up a hedious & distressing noise during a great part of the night to the no small annoyance of their neighbors. �- 39 Hape is likely to die as he has lived a heathen. He evidently clings to his idolatry & superstition and has no proper ideas of what is before him. When asked what he thinks of Jehoval, he replies that he is good, but will not allow that his gods are false & cruel, or that the tabus are foolish. He would believe in Jehova he says, if he would cure him and so would all the people: But they say if Jehova is so great and good, why does he not cure Hape? In that case they say they will all take him as their God, & break their tabus. if. T <?c ts We were aroused this morning about 3 oclock by the firing of guns, the blowing of chonks, the beating of drums, and heathen songs & clapping of hands, the meaning of all which we well understood. Such performances usually attend the death of any important person, and in this case Hape was supposed to be just expiring he however did not expire until about 7 0.clock. About that time I walked down to see him as I heard he was still alive but he had breathed his last & two men were just carrying him out of the house in which he lay into a tabu house in order to wash him and dress him. There heathenism began to exhibit a scene such as I have never before witnessed or had any proper notions While a few men were attending to the corpse, the women commenced a loud wailing accompanied with dancing on the stone pavement before the house, throwing up their arms with a quivering motion of the hand: At the same time throwing off all their garments and exposing themselves in the most indelicate manner possible & without the least apparent modesty; But what rendered the scene most shocking of all, was their cutting them­ selves with sharp stones. Two sisters of the deceased chief sat wailing & sometimes dancing and thus gashing their bodies until the blood ran trickling down them as though they had been wounded in battle. As soon as the news spread almost the whole population of this valley & some from neighbouring valleys assembled, the women dressed in fine white tapa & some with beautiful head-dresses, made of fine birds feathers, human hair, and white tapa, in order to express their regard for their departed friend, and the men dressed in all the fine things they could collect: The part they perform is beating of drums, singing, or chanting, clapping of hands, and sometimes yelling in the most terrific manner. This too is an occasion of great feasting: ten hogs are to be killed tomorrow, and a large number perhaps 30 cowfish (a sort of fish much resembling the porpoise, only of a darker colour & larger) besides other small fish have been procured for the occasion. The noise of drums, songs, shouts and clapping of hands with the loud wailings and dis­ gusting performances of the women have been kept up all day, until my heart aches through & through over the the follies & pollutions of the heathen around me. About 10 o.clock Mr. Alexander and I walked down to witness what was passing in the crowd that had assembled, and there were from twelve to twenty women dancing shamelessly in the burning sun, with all their unseemly parts uncovered, and evidently gratified to be gazed upon by admiring �Vo - - spectators- In this way they express their regard for the deceased person though it is not very easy to trace the connexion between the action & the object, especially since there is not the slightest appearence of grief to be seen in the countenances of the performersThe whole performance in fact partakes more of the nature of a farse than any thing else. Not only the most prominent performers, but even the nearest relatives of the deceased are seen wailing aloud apparently in an agony of grief, and the next moment laughing as heartily and acting with as much levity as though nothing was the matter. The whole scene is most distressing to a civilized man to behold & much more to Christian- Alas for apostate.1 what is without a revelation? into what excesses will he not run.1 how low will he sink in folly, pollution, & crime! 5. jj)«c.f8^ The performance of funeral rites has continued all night without cessation and with rather more noise & tumult than in the day time. The same individuals however do not perform all the time, but the rites are kept up by fresh companies from other parts of the island. As the consequence probably of yesterdays excesses in wailing, dancing, etc. in so much heat, two women last (night?) expired, and one of them is now stretched alonside of Hape. But last night about 12 o.clock a messenger brought tidings to our ears which produced no little agitation in our bosoms. The tidings were that Morrison an Englishman who has lived here for seven or eight years, and whose name is mentioned in Stewarts Visit to the South Seas, was apparently dying. As he lived about 3A- of a mile from us on the other side of the valley, and the road very rough, it was sometime before Mr. Alexander & I arrived where he was, but on our arrival we found that the sad news was too true. Not a symptom of life remained though he had laid down as well and rather better than usual as he has been for some time complaining of rumatie pains. We have endeavoured to bu^y his remains in as Christian a manner as possible, for the sake of example to the natives as well as out of regard to the individual. While depositing the body in the grave a native friend of the deceased presented a roasted pig, to be deposited by the coffin lest his friend should suffer from hunger. This is a silent admonition to us all to be prepared for death at all hours. Morrison after he fell asleep as usual, never spoke after. The cause of his death I suppose to have been apoplexy. May the Lord bless these solemn warnings to us all! The funeral rites of Hape still continue unabated. The whole has become a scene of feasting, drunkenness, indecency, & reveling. 8. The noise of drums, songs, and the coarse melancholy sound of the chonk (the most doleful of all sounds) still remind us even in the hours of night that we are in a heathen land: But we hope for a cessation soon, as the people from Hapa have had there turn, �{-pec ■ '* - hi - and the Iaioans are now taking theirs, with which the koika will terminate. There being a great many strangers about, I have spent a good deal of time for a few days in conversing with them on the subject of their religion, their human gods, their idols, tabus, etc. but they universally defend them with all their cruelties & absurdities to the utmost of their power. Their understandings are so darkened & their prejudices so deeply rooted that it is difficult to pursue any train of reasoning on any subject with them, or to confine their attention for any length of time to one subject— much more to an unwelcome one, and therefore we can do little yet but use positive assertion, which goes but little ways against such ignorance & prejudice. They ascribe the death both of Morrison & Hape to the power of their gods and one declared to me that one of their gods would kill Jehovah by and by- Some admit that Jehovah is a true God, but not the only true God. Being the sabbath we had divine service this morning in Hapes house, and a larger number of people were present than on any former occasion. In the crowd were the old Iauahauia, mentioned in Stewarts letters, the principal chief & human god of Iaioa, and a chief from the Iaipis who are at war with the Ieis, (as on such occasions there is a cessation of hostilities) together with a number of chiefs and strangers from other parts of the island. They appeared attentive while Br. Alexander declared & applied to them the ten commandments, and many of them repeated them aloud as he delivered them. The truth came close on the old Ieiua, but he had taken too much kava (an intoxicating herb) to be much disturbed or moved by it. We have Marquesian in interest- On in the native translated three verses of a Hawaian hymn into the singing of which the natives take considerable last Sabbath also I made my first attempt to pray language, but I am obliged to keep very near shore- As Marquesians never bury their dead Hape still lies, though putrid, in the house which we formerly occupied in which for want of a better we are obliged to hold divine service. A kind of trough made by hollowing out the half of the trunk of a large tree, and smoothing it very handsomely, is his coffin, in which he lies wrapped in large folds of tapa & ornamented around with long pieces of beautiful white tapa streching from his feet partly along his body & thence upward to the top of the house, on which are fastened three large wreaths of long black feathers taken from the cock, ? several bunches of whales teeth, and a strip of scarlet bumbaget which is considered a most splendid ornaments All this is combined with braided green cocoanut leaf, and so arranged as to display no small degree of taste. �- 1+2 But the corpse was this morning brought out and washed so near our dwellings as to render our situation today almost in­ tolerable. Br. Alexander was obliged to take refuge in our house where the stench was as much as we could bare. Today had a long conversation with Iauahauia, the pretended god of Iaioa. Our topic was his system of idolatry, his pretentions to supernatural power, his tabu, and the vices of the people, as well as the claims of Jehovah to be the true God, and only God- The vices of his people the old man did not hesitate to condemn though he is perhaps as much given to them as any man on the island, but for his wooden gods, his tabus, and his own supernatural power, he contended with a decisian and a zeal worthy of any cause. He was not however at all out of humour with me for telling him that his idols were nothing but carved wood fit for fuel only, his tabus foolish and absurd, and his own pretensions false. He wished to have me go to Iaioa and live with him, and teach him, but it is evident that he is looking more after the “ loves (loaves?) & fishes," than after the golden treasures of true wisdom. In the afternoon I spent a half an hour in conversation with a number of chiefs and people from Iaioa, and was at least gratified with their attention to what I said. The old Iaua as a mark of regard has exchanged names with me. lb. My time has for some time been principally occupied in endeavouring to acquire the language & teach the natives to read. As soon as the necessary family duties of the morning are over, I take my seat in my room appropriated for native company, and there converse with all who may come in, men women and children: Whenever a new word occurs, I write it down with the meaning if I can find it & if not, leave it to be sought for afterwards. I endeavour to vary the conversation as much as possible in order to take the wider range through the language but usually turn to something connected with morals or religion, in order to acquire a facility in speaking on those subjects as soon as possible. Our attempts to teach the natives the use of letters have hitherto been almost fruitless. A company may call to-day and learn a few of the letters of the alphabet but we may not see the same individuals again for a week or a month, until they have for­ gotten the very first letter. So every day we have pretty much a new set of scholars, and when they do call it is no small diffi­ culty to engage their attention for even a moment. They wd much rather gaze about the room, talk about something filthy or trifling, or more commonly lay down and sleep, than attempt to learn. Some of them are very bright and with application wd learn rapidly but many especially among the adults are as stupid as blocks. Their confirmed habits of indolence, their fondness for sensual pleasure, as well as their unsteady fugutive mode of life operate much against their improvement in any way. �- 1+3 - 15 - Sabbath 1)ee Today we have been at our wits end to know where to hold worship. Our usual place, has been Hape’ s house, because there we generally have the largest audience, but today that place has been intollerable on account of the stench arising from his dead body. It has been so for several days although the natives both sleep &neat as near him as they can get, and regard it as honour­ able so to do, Hape being a high chief- Even in our own houses which are from 8 to 10 rods off, we are often reminded that we are in the "region & shadow of death"- The smell is insupportable when the wind blows in our direction, but providentially it usually blows another wayWe finally held worship this forenoon in Mr. Parkers house where a few natives had assembled. It was my turn to conduct the exercise, and after singing a native hymn, I attempted to tell them of the goodness of God Jehovah and contrast it with the crueltys and bloody rites of their gods. Some sat & seemed to listen to what was said but others talked & laughed, and ridiculed: And some were disposed to quarrel demanding in the midst of the discourse who it was that killed Morrison.’signifying that it was their gods and not Jehoval. No small amount of patience is requisite to preach to such an audience: Not unfrequently we cannot be heard at all for the interruption occasioned by laughing, talking, jesting, rideculing, quarreling and filthy noises of the company. Dec. 29 Our ears are again assailed by rumours of war. Our neighbours have been thrown into considerable trepidation by a report the Iaioans & Iaipis have united to come upon them in arms, after they shall have routed the people of Aditoka another small valley- This is a favourable time to turn their attention to the source of their wars & enmities-viz.their false god who demand human victims, and I endeavoured to improve the oppertunity yesterday in private con­ versation & today in my sermon, I endeavered to show the people the transcendent superiority of Jehova over their human gods and then told them when they cast away their gods their wars would cease and their fears with them. They said tiatohu kikino to matau AtuaTrue, bad are our godsB Many of them acknowledge that their gods are the source of all their wars, but yet say they are powerful and they are afraid of their displeasureI am satisfied that the entire population are or have been cannibals. A few days ago in conversation with a few individuals considerably advanced in years, something like the following dialogue took place- "When your ffaua or godman dies, what is the first thing to be done- Ans- We seek a heaka or human victims Where will you get him? Waihoi? Iaipi nehe- io Iaioa hehe: where indeed from the Iaipis perhaps, from Iaioa perhaps— When you have obtained a human victim: what then? Haika matou: we worship our god (that is done by clapping hands, singing, beating drums, etc) When this is done what is the next thing;- "Kaikai te auaua*’ eat the man: heho eat him? the people back towards the mountain in �this valley. What are their names? Here two or three old women sitting by pointed to the individuals with whom I was conversing and said "these men eat the victim." At this the one man engaged held down his head & smiled as though he was puzzled, but said nothing. By and by he said "with us it is good to eat men but with you it is bad." January 3d 183^ Last night at half past 10 we became the happy parents of a X little son. Providence has smiled upon us, and may the young immortal commited to our charge grow up under his fostering care to be an instrument of good in the world and an air of glory here­ after. List of My Books taken May 2*fth 1832 vol. Library of Useful Knowledge 5 Eberles Mat. Modica 2 Horne on the Psalms 1 1 Goods book of nature Jahn's Archeology 1 1 Stewarts Philosophy Botany 1 Talors Holy living & dying 1 Millers Essay on the duty of a ruling Elder 1 1 Paleys Nat. Theo. Woodbridge's Geog. 1 1 Worcesters History 10 Edwards Works Ernesti on Interpretation 1 2 Josephus Prideeauxs Con 3 Euclid 1 Paynes Elements 1 Virgil 1 Blakes Nat. Phil. 1 Gastons collections 1 Fabers Dif. of Infidelity 1 do do of Romanism 1 Paleys Evidences H. Newell Millaers Ch. Hist. Wilkins Astronomy Village Sermons Larger Catechism Infant S. Hymn book Am. first class-book Chemistry 1 1 5 1 3 1 1 1 1 Continued Fishers Catechism Mem. of Mrs. Judson Butlers Analogy Elements of History Markii Med. Payson's Sermons Alexander on the Canon of S. Memoirs of Payson Memoirs of Legh Richmond Cecils Remains Help of Xi^n Examination Roman Antiquities Alexanders Geo. of Bible Hulls lectures on Grammar Urquharts life Fabers dif. of Romanism Cowpers Poems Woods on Baptism Family Monitor Tribute to mem of Pilgrims American Chesterfield Childs Expositor Beauties of K. White Bible Confession of Faith Walkers Dictionary Lords Supper Tylers History Bickerstett on prayer Flavel on the heart Kirk White Stewarts Heb. grammar Tales of a Traveller Help to Genesis 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 �»*5 Continued Continued Hales Geography Catlins Theology Cases of Conscience Bible Life of Scott Paradise lost Self Knowledge ? Cornett Weisome u ' Pilgrims Progress Church members guide Hume & S*s Hist, of Eng. General class-book History of U.S. Baxters, S's Rest Beauties of Shakespere Pollocks course of time Am. popular lessons Life of H. Martyn Crudens Concordance Mich. Heb. Bible Simonis’ s Lexicon Guide to peace Alexanders hymns Dwights do Murrays Grammar Weeks Catechism Walkers Dictionary Bucks Theo. Die. Wheelers Compend of Hist. ,**Vi Manuel of duf aut schools Miss. Gazetteer' Greek lexicon Bush’ s Life of Mohamed Revival sermons Webbers Mathematics Flavel’ s Touchstone Campbell on the gospels Hornes Introduction Stewarts Commentary Birds Sermons Buchans Dom. Med. Grunds Solid Geometry Do Plane geometry Jamiesons Rhetoric -tea Musieu Sacra Handal & Hadyn^mu. Popes Essay on man Village Hymns Babington on EduGoldsmiths Nat. Hist. Preachers Manuel Jamiesons Logifr Mem. of Mrs. Huntington Jays Exercises Johnsons Dictionary 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Peter Parley’ s Geo. Hist, of Redemption 7 Schlensners Lexicon Chalmers Evidences Alexanders do Blairs Lectures Night Thoughts Beecher on Intemperance SermonsT on Sabbath Salvation made sure Bible Henry Wilhelm Childs Expositor Swans Letters on miss. Hames Lectures Tollicoffer on EduHomes Redeemers tears Willistons Sermons Stewarts Visit to S. Seas Right to read S. defended Picteti Theologia Coleburns Sequal All religions Bonycastles Algebra Hamilton on Baptism 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 Books taken from the circulating Library of the MissionMissionary Herald from 1822 to 1830 Martyns Sermons Orations on Washington Ecclesiastical Catechism by McLeod Christian Orator rv Sacra Pdivata View of Heresies Knoxes Essays Panoplist 3d & 5th vols. 1+ Latin Dictionary 2 Ellis’ s Pol- Researches 1 Robinson’ s Lexicon 1 Tour around Hawaii 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 �J u t a f 4 .( i f . k6 - 5 tc t-.('u The sweet potatoe here is small and indifferent, and the peaches want that delicious flavour wh. they possess in N. America. Visited also the convent of St. Antonio, situated on the brow of a hill back of the Empirial Palace, was introduced by a servant into a small but beautiful garden in the midst of which stood a large font of holy water,- was introduced also into several chapels in the same hugh building, and impressed much with the splendor there exhibited- Alas how much pains will men take to adorn temples made with hand in order to secure heaven, but how little will they take adorn the heart- the seat of holiness, & the fountain of life! But a few steps from this convent unwitnessed, a most dis­ gusting scene- In a large bason, supplied from a fountain with water, stood perhaps 100 negroes washing clothes, men women & children, but chiefly women, some were entirely naked, others partly and some with their clothes tied up around their waist. This proves the state of morals in that place to be deplorable, for who that possess­ es the least sense of delicacy could contemplate such a spectacle without disapprobation and disgust. During my absence on Wednesday Mr. Ker, an English merchant sent a boat manned by five strapping negroes to convey us all to his country residence at Praya-Vermilia, near Boata Fogo Beach. Several of our company were absent, and it was inconvenient for others to comply at that time with the gentlemans kind request; But Br. Forbes & wife, Mrs. Lyon & Mrs. Armstrong consented to go with to. Wilson, Mr. Ker's messenger, and enjoy his hospitality. On Thursday a boat was sent for the remainder of us, and we all had a delightful visit- We passed close along the base of the Sugar Loaf and the adjacent mountain and landed on Praya VerMilia beach. It was truly enchanting to contemplate the scenery around us. No pen is adequate to describe it. Mr. Ker’ s mansion is situated in a deep and firtile valley, with a range of lofty and irregular mountains on each; The Corcovado elevates its lofty peak in full view, while the clouds roll along and hang in sublime confusion around its top. The sides and very tops of these mountains are covered with beautiful virdure; the stately cocoa-nut grows luxuriant­ ly and flowers abound- Upon the whole they present a most grand appearance, and are well calculated to impress the mind with the majesty and wonders of natures God. We spent the afternoon wh. was far advanced when we arrived in walking in Mr. Kers garden, (he being yet in the city) and de­ lighting ourselves with the fruits and flowers. The garden wants cultivation but still it afforded us much to contemplate the cinnamon tree, the clove, the pomgranate, etc. Early in the even­ ing we partook of a plentiful repast, and soon after Mr. Ker, in company with Mr. McKie, & capt. Ainly, returned from the city. I was much pleased with all of them both as gentlemen & Christians. Mr. Ker appeared to be truly cordial and in his hospitality, and pious in his conversation. And what deserves notice, his peculiar senti­ ments in regard to the second coming of Christ did not seem to �-if7 - prevent the exercise of his kind feelings towards us. After prayer we repaired to our vessel leaving Mr. & Mrs. Lyman who was unwell, at Mr. Ker's house, while we shd be in port. Mr. Ker insisted upon our all coining to visit him again on the following Sab. eve. the 22d. After attending worship on board the Inscaloosa, Capt. Chase, under the Bethel flag where Br. Alex­ ander preached to a very respectable congregation of seamen and some English residents, most of our co. were conveyed in a large boat such as Mr. Stewart describes, to Mr. Kers where it fell to my lot to preach. It afforded me much pleasure to declare the truths of the Gospel in that destitute land. My text was heb.l2.1lf: Several of the ship-masters, Capts. Chase, Holbrook, Phillips, Hardie, & Swain were present and several english neighbours. The meeting was interesting and solemn; After tea we returned again to our vessel. Several of our co. visited Mr. Ker once or twice dur­ ing the two following weeks; Br. Emerson & Forbes preached there on two evenings to small audiences, and on one afternoon Mr. Ker exhibited his sentiments on the second coming of X. We experienced very much kindness from the Capts above mentioned; Their services & those of their boats were at our bidding: Capt. Hardie, being an intimate friend of some of my friends in Balt, showed me & mine marked attention. Br. Alex=- & wife & my f & wife dined with him on the Laffayette and enjoyed our visit much. Part of our co. on one afternoon visited Capt. Holbrooks vessel, with whom I was much pleased- � https://hmha.missionhouses.org/files/original/52ce8e3fb08c2b56333adade6a9b54f0.pdf 54b936f6b56c7e27c85e5d68fe83f051 PDF Text Text i . JOURNAL OF MR. ARMSTRONG ON THE ISLAND OF MAUI - MISSIONARY HERALD, July 1838, p. 244 (The first entry in the journal given below was made by Mr. Armstrong on the 10th of June, 1857, immediately after his return from the general meeting of the brethren for business at Honolulu, on the island of Oahu.) (M.H. heading - General Seriousness at Wailuku - Improvement at Molokai.) On our return we find our people at Wailuku in an interesting state. They almost devoured us with kindness on our landing, and many who have long been shy of us, and stupid as to the concerns of the soul, now draw nigh to present their aloha, love. Meetings are full and uncommonly solemn. Even among the children there are very encouraging appearances. Many are tender and evidently thoughtful. Some very aged persons, too, are thinking on their ways. I have noticed several, who have been apparently lost in insensibility and mental darkness, when they come to meeting, press through the crowd so as to get a seat near the desk, and give the most watchful attention during the whole service. Several very old men have called to converse on the things of religion, and appear to feel some concern for their souls. How interesting and animating to see these old people, some of whom have lived three score years in unbroken moral darkness, and under nil the hardening, stupifying, degrading influences of one of the lowest forms of heathenism, now in their old age, groping their way to the gates of heaven, and feeling after that blessed God, of ?hom they were so long ignorantl %■ heart melts within me when I look upon their hoary hairs and furrowed cheeks. Can such almost literally dry bones live? Can an old sinner - an old heathen sinner, hardened by time, ignorance, pre­ judice and habit, repent and be saved? Yes, this is all possible, and may it prove to be actual fact in the case of this antiquated group* One poor old man, whose locks are white as wool, and who walks leaning on his staff, (I should think from his appearance he is as old as ninety) came in today. He appeared very poor, had nothing on but a piagle piece of dirty native cloth around his shoulder, but his countenance was animated, and he spoke feelingly. He said, "I was a lad in the reign of Kahe-Kili, and I waw the wars of Tamehameha, but I have lived till just now, without knowing right and wrong. Now, behold, when I am bent with age and lean upon my staff, light has broke over mel Very stranget Formerly it was all dark and bad, now I see a little." I feel reproved for my want of faith in regard to these old people, for I confess they appeared to me heretofore as hopelessly gone. What that lies in the line of his mercy cannot the grace of God accomplish? July 20. 1957. I have just returned from Molokai where I spent a few days with Mr. Hitchcock in a protracted meeting. We had a good meeting, though not so strongly marked with solemnity as some I have attended. It commenced on Thursday and closed on Sabbath evening. Six or seven hundred attended daily and on Sabbath there were over one thousand present. I could not but be gratified with tjie improvement at the Molokai station since I visited it; three years ago. Instead of the low, long, narrow, dirty, thatched meeting house, in which the congregation then worshipped, they have now a spacious stone meeting-house, one story high, with a convenient pulpit and glass windows, carpeted and ceiled with mats, and every way comfortable. Instead of no schoolhouse at all, "tjhere is now a stone one of prodigious dimensions, furnished with desks and feenchess instead too of the small grass dwelling, standing "all out of doors", there is now a comfortable stone cottage, enclosed by a stone wall, which takes in grouriiil enough for a garden and yard. The natives too have gathered in around the station, built more comfortable houses, some of stone, others in the �Armstrong Journal -21- old style. Neither is the improvement confined to externals. Where there was no church at all in 18S2, there is now one consisting of forty members. There is also a daily school of children, under the care of Mr. and Mrs. Munn, of I think 170 scholars. The whole grouped together made a very pleasant impression upon my mind - the more so from the fact that I happened to have soent a few months at this station, when it was first taken. (M.H. heading "Writing again at W&iluku Mr. Armstrong adds-) (M.H. " - Meeting in behalf of Schools - Speech of Bartimeus) 26. This afternoon a meeting was held in our spacious meeting-house in behalf of schools. It was an interesting occasion - one of the most interesting that I have ever witnessed at Wailuku. On the ringing of the bell the house was soon crowded with people. Many no doubt came from curiosity, or because others came, and not because they felt interested in the object. As the meeting had been an­ nounced as a council, and any who wished were allowed to speak, I merely stated the object of it, viz. to consider the state of our common and station schools, and solicit the aid and co-operation of the parents and head men in sustaining them, accompanying the statements with some remateks on the importance to this na­ tion of thorough Christian education, and also on the increasing embarrassments of the Board in regard to funds; then invited any present who had any thought on this subject to speak it freely. Several arose in rapid succession and spoke with great animation. Among the speakers were several graduates from the high school who did themselves, and their alma mater too, much credit, by the manner in which they spoke of schools and ieducation. They told the people that the most unyielding obstacle to their improvement is their naaupo (ignorance,) and their raoonoo ole (want of re­ flection^! and besought the parents, if they were resolved as to themselves to dispise books and schools, that they would at least encourage their children to attend to them. Many good and sensible things were said, and well said, by these young mens but the most eloquent speaker arose last. This was Bartimeus, the s? me blind man who was the first convert on Maui, and I believe the first native that was baptised on the inlands* Some account of him has been given in Heralds of former years. He is regarded as an ardent Christian, and is, in my opinion, the most eloquent speaker lin the nation. His knowledge of the Scriptures as well as of general sub­ jects, /Is remarkable, considering his inability to read. No missionary among us can command Scripture more copiously and appositely, in an off hand effort, than he. Even the parts that have not been pointed in the native language seem to be familiar to Jftim, from melrely hearing them quoted in the pulpit and Bible class. But his mind,-and especially his memory, possess power of the very first order. On moral subjects he often evinces astonishing powers of discrimination in comoarison with mos/6 other natives. He is a short man and rather corpulent, very inferior in ap­ pearance whefc Sitting, but when he rises to speak, he looks well - stands erect, gesticulates with freedom, and pours forth, as he becomes animated, words in tor­ rents. He is perfectly familiar with the former as well as the present religion, Customs, modes of thinking, and in fact the whole history of the islanders, which enables him often to draw comparisons, make allusions, and direct appeals, with a power which no iforteigner will ever possess. Oja thjls occasion Bartimeus spoke with the most happy effect. Would that I had this as well as other addresses I have heard him make in writing. They would I think viejwith some of the best efforts of our Indian omtors; and in Christian sentiment ufould doubtless far surpass them. But he cannot write, and it is dif­ ficult for him to gather up his precise remarks after they have flown from his lips. �Armstrong Journal He pointed to th^multitudes of children who are running wild like the goats, without care or instruction, and not only so, but in most cases injured more by the filthy conversation and wicked conduct of their parents than by anything else. He reflected severely on the chiefs for their indifference in regard to schools. **e appealed to the great assembly, if they had looked on the happy effects of the gospel in these islands for seventeen years, and were yet unbe­ lieving as to the value of the instruction. He told them that civilized nations treated them and their chiefs as children, and domineered over them because they were so ignorant. But the point he illustrated with the happiest effect was the contrast between getting a Christian education now and a heathen education for­ merly. He said, nI have been twice educated. In the time of dark hearts, I learned the huda. (a native amusement, consisting of singing, drumming and danc­ ing, accompanied with shocking licentiousness;) and the lua, (the art of murder and robbery;) and the kake. (a language unintelligible to any but those who are initiated in its mysteries.) I learnt mischief in those days; and did it cost me nothing? Had we not to pay those mischievous teachers? Ah, think of the hogs and kapa and fish, and awa. and other things we used to give them. And we did it cheerfully. We thought it all well spent. But h6w is it now. Here are men of our own blood and nation, whose business is to teach us and our children good things - the things of God and salvation; how to read our Bibles, geographies, arithmetics, etc.; and ought we not cheerfully to support them? How can they teach, if they have nothing to eat and nothing to wear? Will they not soon get tired of this? Who can work when he is hungry? Let us take hold and help and do it cheerfully." On the conclusion of these remarks there was evidently much feeling in the assembly, and to test it I first called upon the parents, if they approved of schools and were willing to send their children regularly to them, to signify it. The whole assembly held up their hands. Again I called upon all who were willing to aid in the support of the teachers in the way of food particularly (for this is all‘ they have to give) to rise. About fifty rose. On the whole, I am not without hope that this meeting has given an impulse to our school operations which will be highly beneficial. July 1. The effect of the meeting has been manifestly good. Interest in schools is increasing. Barents bring their children voluntarily to have their names taken as scholars, and the teachers who were quite destitute are now supplied with food. The demands for books, especially Testaments, amounts almost to a clamor; and it takes up no mean portion of my time to sell them and keep account of them. Would that I were rid of this indispensable appendage to our work. The greatest trouble is to get the books into the hands of those who will profit by them, and get any thing in return for them which may be profitably used, so as to liquidate the book debt. Nine tenths of those who call for books have nothing to give in t>ay for them, but such as vegetables, fowls, mats or work, none of which can be turned to profitable account. We have therefore many things on our tables and about our yards and houses which we do not need, and would not have, were it not that we are obliged to take such things as we can get for books. We give no books away and nobody expects us to. (M.H. - Remarks on East Maui - Birth Place of Kaahumanu.) (Early in July Mr. Armstrong visited Hana, a new station recently taken by Messrs. Ives and Conde, on the eastern extremity of the island of Maui. After mentioning some of the difficulties and dangers encountered on the journey, and the kind inter- �Armstrong Journal -4- est manifested by the people whom they met on the way, he adds - ) It may be well here to make a general remark on the face of the country over which we passed. East Maui is little else than an immense pile or mountain, some 7,000 or 8,000 feet high, with a strip of flat or rather sloping land around its base, of a width varying from one to six miles. In many places the slope is so gradual that you cannot tell where the low land ceases and the mountain begins* The sloping land I have mentioned is by no means smooth on its surface. It is as uneven as possible. The whole side of the island from Haiku to Hana is a continued series of deep gullies with precipitous banks, streams of fine water, impenetrable masses of vines, shrubbery, grass, and brush-wood. In some places there is fine large timber, chiefly the apple and koQ, tree. Any one who has little confidence in his ability to travel on foot both up, down, and across; or little courage to endure hardships, will not wish to travel over this tract very often. On the other side of the island (the leeward) traveling is equally bad, perhaps rather worse. There is not so much wind and rain there, but there is intolerable heat, there are deep and numerous ravines, there is indescribable 'lava, and worse than all, there is a bad sea off the coast, I mention these things here that you may know the circumstances of the station about to be taken at Hana, It is remote and difficult of access by land or water* But Hana is a fine and populous district. I am more and more charmed with it every time I visit it, it is so richly and perpetually verdant. The growth of every thing is excessively luxuriant, the soil being evidently a recent decomposition of lava, of which a large quantity yet remains. The ascent from the water's edge to the top of the mountain is so gradual, and the surface so unbroken, that one could Almost ride on horseback up to the very clouds. The eye, too, after luxurating on the scen­ ery near at hand, may, in a clear day, fly across the channel and gaze upon the hoary pate of old Mauna Kea on Hawaii. That is a grant spectacle. It fairly swells one’ s bosom to behold it. Hana is the birth-place of Kaahumanu of blessed memory. Jeep I have stood upon the spot, and had some sweet moments in reflecting upon the wonders of sovereign mercy. How wonderfull An individual is born at Hana, the very end of the earth, (for the house stood on the very extremity of the island, and not two rods from the water's edge) - of high but heathen parents; brought up from her childhood in per­ fect familiarity with all that is corrupting, degrading, hardening, and darkening; consequently became one of the worst of human kind, haughty, filthy, lewd, tyranical, cruel, wrathful, murderous, and almost every thing else that is bad. So she lived for perhaps fifty years, and then, while sitting queen of this nation, feared and flattered by all, the grace of God reached her heart, and she put off the old man ttth his deeds. She reigned a few years as a Christian, constraining the very enemies of truth to admire her integrity, her regard for the poor, and her wisdom as a ruler, and died in 1852, praising God and the Lamb. How wonderful! while so many who are b o m of Christian parents, and are the subjects of prayer and care from childhood, become acquainted with the offers of the gospel only to dispise and disregard them. ^ The people of Hana seem to be much gratified with the prospect of having teach­ ers among them. They have, by order of the governor, built two native houses with yards around them, for their accommodation. On introducing the brethren, I asked if they felt happy in seeing these new teachers. They all signified at once, by lift­ ing the hand, that they were. I asked them if they would be friendly to their teach­ ers, protect them, assist them, build a meeting-house, etc. Without hesitation the whole assembly, of perhaps seven hundred persons, gave the same signal of assent. �Armstrong Journal -5- The schools at Hana are in a somewhat prosperous state. There is an ef­ ficient teacher there, a graduate of the high school and member of our church. He appears to be faithful, and will be a great help to the new brethren. There are also several others who have long been seeking the pono. and may be real Christians for ought I know. After spending two days with the brethren at Hana, and preaching several times to the people, my family needing me, I left them and set out for home in a canoe. But before we had fairly passed the mouth of the harbor, a high wave struck us,and in the twinkling of an eye we were all thrown into the sea, puffing and struggling in a high surf, like so many porpoises. But the wreck was seen by our friends on shore, and our friend Kaawai's canoe came to our relief with all speed. No lives were lost, and nothing of consequence lost, although the wailing and screaming of the women ashore was excessive. By the kindness of Kaawai, I pro­ cured another canoe and a new crew, and having borrowed some dry clothes, I set out a second time and in six hours after landed at Wailuku. We came before the trade-wind at a fearful rate, the canoe sometimes scarcely more than touching the tops of the waves. Fifty-six hours going and only six returning. (M.H. - Meetings at Wailuku - Manner of Preaching - Admissions to the Church) August 5, 1957. A protracted meeting of four days' continuance has just closed at Wailuku. It has been a season of interest and the results are to ap­ pearance encouraging. Professors are revived and some of the impenitent pricked in their hearts, I trust. The children and the aged received special attention with us, and it is remarkable that the most encouraging appearances are now seen in these two classes, who are in fact most different as to years, but niaut most alike as to character. Friends at home are sometimes desirous of knowing how we preach on these oc­ casions, and what is the most effectual method, according to our experience. Much might be said on this subject, but I cannot go into it now. As to the kind of preaching, it must, in order to be effectual, be simplicity itself. Not simplicity as folks in America usually understand it, but simple to the natives - the ideas 30 singled out and presented as to come right down upon his mind, as a well directed hammer comes down on the head of the nail. Another thing essential is, that the preacher be well acquainted with the native raindj understands the mode of thinking and feeling, knows what the man loves most dearly, and what he dreads with most horror} be able to lay his hand upon the secret spring of his sympathies, and lay open his own heart before his own eyes. This is of great importance in preaching any where, but especially here, where so few can assist themselves by their own reflections, and know so little of themselves. Without it, all is random work. There is perhaps no place on earth where a large assembly of people will come to­ gether and submit themselves so passively to a preacher as here. They as much as say to him when he rises, Here we are, and just as you see us; now do your best and say what you have in mind to. Therefore if the stony heart is broken up and tears of penitence begin to flow, the preacher or the truth and the 8pirit must do almost the whole. The class of subjects best adapted to protracted meetings here, are always those which relate distinctly to the character, death, and meditation of Christ, and the obligations which rest on all men to serve him supremely. �Armstrong Journal -6- Aug. 6, We have had a precious communion season today in our church. Thir­ teen were received to church fellowship, four of whom qre very old. One old woman entirely blind, but her eye of faith seems to be clear. Among them is the aged person of whom i spoke before. He is a man of rather large frame, and excellent features, but his head is perfectly white and his body curved with age. He has learned to read his Testament within the last few years, probably after he was four score years in the world, and living too in a district where the inhabitants have been peculiarly heathenish, and schools have till lately never flourished. None of the natives can tell how old they are, unless the more civilized part, and therefore the old man can give no account of his age. But he says he has seen a great many high chiefs rise and fall since he was a boy. On examination by Mr. Green and myself he appeared very well indeed. % s knowledge of scripture and other subjects is astonishing, considering where and how he has lived. It is but rarely he has ever seen or spoken to a missionary until very lately, but he says he has loved the teachers for a long time and has been seeking God in secret. These thirteen, with nine who were received to church fellowship in April, make twenty-two who have been received during the year. For this reward of our poor labors, let me be unfeignedly thankful to God, from whom comes all our suc­ cess. The whole number now in good standing in the church a Wailuku is fortyfive. As to their spiritual state, I can only say, there are but few of them who do not afford comfortable evidence of a change of heart. Some, however, have crept in unawares, and by their slothfulness and worldliness, give reason to fear that the "root of the matter is not in them." (M.H. Care for the Seminary - Examination of Schools - Little Boy at Haiku) Seot. 4 . Montlly concert. Our people made a collection of food for the sem­ inary at Lahainaluna. ^ne hundred and fifty bundles of pounded and roasted, or rather baked taro were brought in, worth twelve and a half cents a bundle. They have, however, contributed in all for that seminary and the female seminary since July some 250 bundles, worth in money#51.P0. This amount seems small, but for the people of Wailuku it is considerable. They are poor and oppressed and have very limited means of getting any thing for themselves. Most of those who contribute cannot afford even a single decent garment to appear in on the Sabbathj and during the week they wear nothing but a piece of flimsy kapa. But they give cheerfully and therefore will not be impoverished by it. God will not allow them to be. IS. Our efforts in behalf of schools have not been in vain. I proposed some five or six weeks ago to our people to make a doby-wall around the female seminary and save the Board the expense of it. Fifty men, old and young, cheerfully agreed to do it. So they have all turned out regularly every Monday and Thursday forenoon since, to work on the wall, and it is nearly completed. They make an excellent wall and will save the Board some #30 by it. Oct. 1 . Our volunteers still keep on at work as eheerfully as ever. They are now planting taro for the seminary, and seem to be deeply interested in it. They call the seminary their daughter, and say they must feed her that she may grow - a good idea: may they never let it slip. I hope this labor will turn to a good ac­ count also in a spiritual point of view. 10. We have recently examined the children's schools at Wailuku and Haiku. They never appeared so well at any previous examination. One thousand and one hun­ dred children from four to fifteen years of age were examined, and over five hundred of them may be called readers - some of them are excellent readers. About a hundred �Armstrong Journal -7- also evinced an accurate knowledge of the simple rules in arithmetic, have con­ siderable acquaintance with geography, and write a legible hand. Some also sing pleasantly, an art of which they are amazingly fond. The prospects of these schools were never brighter than now. Parents, contrary to what they once did, seem very willing their children should attend school, and some oblige them in their way to attend. The adult schools have also lately revived somewhat., in this district. The demand for Testaments is pressing still. Many of the people who can read are still destitute of a copy, and many who cannot read so as to profit by it are desirous of having one. Common school books also are in daily demand. In point of industry and civilization a few of the multitude make some pro­ gress. They are building better houses, work regularly with their hands, culti­ vate sugar-cane, hire out when they have opportunity; and those who have ac­ quired the art are industrious in spinning cotton. We are endeavoring to press the subject of industry more and more on the minds of the people, although there is no prospect of their becoming industrious under the present system of govern­ ment. One thing is remarkable among this people. When their honor or benevolence is appealed to, they will give to the utmost farthing. That is, those who make any pretensions to piety. If I wish to have a full monthly concert, I have only to give out notice a week previous that a collection of food, kapa, or something else will be taken up, Nov, 1 . I have recently spent four days in preaching to the people of Haiku, About one thousand attended the meetings daily, and some, I trust, will not soon cease to bless God for what he did for them on this occasion. Among others were several children of from ten to fourteen years old, who attended all the meetings and evidently felt deeply. In one little boy I was particularly interested. Sit­ ting in my little grass cottage late at night, rather weary and more than half asleep, I felt a soft hand patting me on the knee. On waking up I perceived it was a young boy of perhaps ten years old, who sat on the mat before me. He ap­ peared to be much concerned about something, and I asked him what he wanted. He said, "I have a thought," What is your thought? "This is my thought, I have today found out that I am very wicked and I am afraid of God's anger," What is your sin that distresses you so much? "This is it, I never loved the Savior who has loved me so long and so much. This is what makes me afraid. You told us today that those who did not love the Savior will be damned in hell forever. Then I saw my sin: then I was afraid, for I have not regarded him." The lad appeared exceedingly solemn during the whole meeting and expressed his determination hereafter to love and serve the Redeemer. How he is now I know not, as I have not seen him for sev­ eral weeks, but I am told he is still serious and consistent, considering his child­ hood. I feel more and more the importance of laboring for the immediate conversion of children as well as adults. What will all our schools, books, and teachers amount to, until the scholars are united to Christ by faith? How week we are at this stationl Never was the harvest so plenteous, ripe and inviting; and never were the laborers so weak. Here are three congregations of one thousand each, with a Sabbath school of 400 or 500 children at each, all in sight of Wailuku, though fourteen miles off} while there is no one but my unworthy self at liberty to preach to them and teach them. Never did I feel so much the need of more help. For some reason or other there has been great increase of attention to the �Armstrong Journal -8- raeans of grace within the past year throughout all this region. Congregations on the Sabbath, Bible classes, and Sabbath schools never were so full as now. (M.H. - Public Spirit - Further Admissions to the Church - Baptism.) Rov. 2. The walls of a doby-house for lodging-rooms for the female boarding scholars, have been erected in front of the former building, at cost of about $120, and the people about us have assembled today to cover it. At seven o' clock fifty men and twice as many children, perhaps, had collected for the work and by two o'clock one whole side with a ranal. or porch, was handsomely thatched with grass, all the materials being previously collected, except the grass, which was chiefly brought by the children. The house is 180 feet long and fourteen wide, containing nineteen snug little rooms. The people appear to be really cheerful in doing what they can to forward our work. No urgent appeal was made to them ko do this job gratuitously, but simply a notice was given that the work was ready and needed to be done. Our chief, who is not a pious man, offered to call out men to assist; but I refused, preferring that all such work should be done on the voluntary principle. I am satisfied if the people of Walaiku had the means, with their present feelings they would at once relieve the American churches of the burden of our support. But they are, with two exceptions, quite poor - most of them so poor as to make one's heart ache to look upon their condition. Neither is there any prospect or probability of its being much imppoved until the form of govern­ ment is changed, _5. Sabbath. Our quarterly communion of the Lord's suoper was celebrated today. Three persons were received to the entire privileges of the church,and two children were baptised. It is amazing how few children are or can be offered for baptism, I do not baptise on an average ten a year, and some of these are adopted children, in a church of forty-eight members. Many about us appear now-a-days to be setting their affections on things above, A number who eighteen months ago were shockingly immoral, are now ap­ parently serious. But there is such an overweaning and unaccountable desire on the part of most to get into the church, without being much concerned about their fitness for church membership, as to excite continual feelings of jealousy in regard to their professions, and induce us to proceed with trembling caution in selecting candidates for church membership. It is hard to find out who is who, among such a people. A long and intimate acquaintance is necessary to come at their real character. Most of the people who attend meeting think they are converted already, and to produce a contrary impression is the first thing to be aimed at and the most difficult to effect. More than half ofmy preaching, I think, is directed to this single point, viz, to show the people that they are not Christians, (M.H. Remarkable rise and fall of the sea.) 8. A strange phenomenon appeared last evening in our neighborhood - one which may require the skill of the learned to account for. At about seven o'clock in the evening, the waves of the ocean just opposite our station, at a small harbbr, gradually receded from the shore to a distance of some fifteen or twenty rods, �Armstrong Journal -9- leaving multitudes of fishes bare upon the ground, so that the children observ­ ing it ran and picked some of them upj - leaving a small schooner also, which was at anchor in the harbor, without sufficient >fe*arfcer to float her completely, and the wave slowly formed itself as it were into an embankment, or as the natives said, a "steep precipice." Then, as if having collected strength enough for the onset, the wave rushed back upon the beach, overflowed the banks, and carried away the entire village of twenty-six native grass houses, with all their effects and inhabitants, some forty or fifty rods inland, throwing most of the wrecks of houses, broken canoes, fowls, beasts, men, women, and children into a small lake of perhaps three miles in circumference, which lay immediately inland from the village. The rush of the wave was so sudden and unexpected, that the inhabitants of the village, unlike Lot in Sodom, had no warning whatever, except a few who seeing the sea receding from the shore suspected a corresponding reflux, flid in­ land in season. But it is not easy for water to baffle a native. This being the element of which he is most fond, and with which he is quite familiar ifc all seasons. Some swam single-handed with the waves. Others took their children in their arms. Others the sick on their backs, and bore them up until the water ceased from the earth. One man took his old mother on his back and swam with her until he reached the dry land, but laying her down on the ground, he found she was dead. Another poor old woman, having no one to assist her, and it being dark, got into the small lake and was drowned. These, strange to tell, are all the lives that were lost. But it does not appear so strange to us who are acquainted with the expertness of natives in the water. Even the little children spend a great part of their time in this element. After the sea began to swell over the banks, the progress of the waves does not appear from the accounts of the natives to have been very rapid, until they arrived at a certain stage; for one man found the water coming into his house, seized his child and ran so as to escape the inundation entirely; but arriving on the summit of a small sand bank, he looked back and saw the whole village,in­ habitants and all, moving towards him, some riding on the tops of their houses, some swimming, and all screaming most frightfully. One circumstance was ranch in their favor, the moon shed a gentle light upon the whole scene, The wave which swept the village was the heaviest and highest and reachest the fartherest in­ land, After it there were but two others which arose over the banks, as the limits of each of them could be distinctly seen next morning; and then the waters abated from the earth. How long they prevailed from the first to last, I cannot ascertain exactly, as natives have a very imperfect idea of time; probably not over an hour. 0ne thing is remarkable - the overflow was confined to less than two miles of coast. The influence of it indeed was felt far beyond this, in a sudden and perceptible swell of the sea, but no houses were carried away, and the waves did not much transcend their usual limits in high tide. The phenomenon occurred when there was very little wind and at low tide unusually low the natives say. It is reported that a similar overflow occurred shortly before the death of Kamehameha I. at this same place, but no houses were then destroyed, nor lives lost, as the waves did not rise so high. I have merely given an account of the event, without attempting to account for the phenomenon. This I feel unable to do satisfactorily, but I have no doubt it is some way or other connected with the volcanic elements. Some of the old natives say that such were the movements of the sea formerly, during some of the heavy volcanic eruptions on the island of Hawaii. �Armstrong Journal -10- Nov. 9. I learn today that the same phenomenon was observed in many places on the other side of this island about the same time that it occurred here. The sea at Lahaina rose about eight feet above its common leve. � https://hmha.missionhouses.org/files/original/2121b5f89a64b00a4d71a6a5a3f54989.pdf dd834d7986168ee88cceaa4bc9f1d271 PDF Text Text w m m m m m s m r m m RICHARD ARMSTRONG JOURNAL With Intermittent Entries Prom July 25, 1840 - Jan. 2, 1858 Copied from Original Manuscript Owned by Hawaiian Mission Children's Society, Honolulu, Hawaii 3 +y r .J f, * Copt* S — ■M J. - M C 5 'w ) a A tb rd ry Archi ve s //^u)£tt —• Vot/. 2# 26,;fenH y fthoJt /s/W - 3 J Typed by Prances P. Vollrath and proof-read by her and Bernice Judd in October 1953 Symbols: ( i) £ J - indicates exact copy of immediately preceding word or words - material in brackets has been inserted by typist �Wailuku July 25 - 1840 Wonderful is the Providence of God i How little did I anti­ cipate a removal from my beloved people Six weeks ago I Yet so it is, the case is decided & we are on the eve of removing, ”bag & baggage” to Honolulu for a season. But severe is the trial of parting with a people whom I had adopted as my fellow travellers to the gravej with whom I have spent five years of solicitude, toil and felicity: In the midst of whom I have seen more of the glory of God’s grace, than in all my life be­ fore. To many of them my heart tells me in its agony, that it is knit in the dearest Christian friendship, especially members of the church, particularly the beloved children. May the good & great Shepherd keep them all through his own power, unto eter­ nal life. July 27. A day of confusion, fatigue and weeping. We knew not until now the mutual attachment that has been formed in the Providence of God between us & our dear people. Our yard has been filled all day with weeping visitors & friends. Even many who have of late been cool & distant exhibit great affection for us. I cannot but here record my gratitude to the Master whom I serve, for all the goodness he has caused to pass before me during the past five years. He has blessed me in ray person, my family, my work, my people, and my poor soul. 0 Lord Jesus, thou King of saints & source of all good, accept my humble gratitude for all thy forbearence, Kindness and love to me thy erring, sinful & slothful servant, during my residence at Wailuku for 5 years past - Also for any good that may have �2 been done through my instrumentality - When I came here, there were only 10 or 12 ch.-members: Now there are over 700. Be thou their shepherd, guardian and guide, until they have all passed into that country where there are no devouring wolves, nor poisonous serpents, nor foul or fatal deseases (1). thee I commit the sheep & the lambs: Unto Knowing they are safe in thy care, I shall hope for the best in their behalf. Aug. 3. To-day the Brig Flora sailed for the U.S. bear­ ing away the precious freight of Mr. Bingham & family, Mrs. Thurston & children, and my own dear child, my first born, the beginning of my strength — Dec. 18, 1841. my Caroline. To day ( i) Mr. Brinsmade Am. Consul, to­ gether with Mr. Johnstone, Sullivan & others sailed for St. Bias - The consul & company bound to U. States. Dec. 19. To day ( I) baptised ( 1) 12 adults, did it with trembling lest like so many others they fall away & bring upon themselves greater condemnation than if they had never tasted of the word of life. Nothing pertaining to my pastoral la­ bours tries me more than selecting suitable subjects for ad­ mission to the church out of the hundreds who profess to be on the Lords ( i) side. Oct. 5. 1842. man, was born. To day ( i) our eighth child, Reuben Chap­ May the Lord give his parents an increase of grace as our cares & responsibilities increase. ficient for these things without grace? Who is suf­ Were children like butterflies, b o m to shine, & fly, & enjoy life but for a day & then cease to exist, parents might repose in ease & uncon­ cern in regard to them. But this little one born to-day shall �5 exist somewhere as long as God himself exists, & what he is to be millions of years hence will depend very much upon the in­ fluences exerted upon him by his parents in early life. Lord help us to mould his character, & fit him for the skies. Dec. 19. 1842. Not in the best of health. Mrs. A. also complaining; Mary Jane G. threatened with a fever. ander & family with ua. Mr. Alex­ Mrs. A* in very poor health. Forbes & family at the station. Mr. Mr. F. ill, from overdoing. Mr. Hitchcock & family also here on account of Mrs. H ’s loss of health. Congregation very large yesterday & good attention. Sermon in the morning by Mr. Hitchcock; a conference in the afternoon in behalf of schools & the rising generation. My views of divine things not so clear of late as I could wish - labour to rise to higher views of God, & more distinct views of the plan of salvation. But I feel that I am carnal, sold under sin, wholely unable to do any thing aright without the grace of God. I often preach to others truths the power of which I do not half feel myself. Dec. 24. 1842 Sent letters to R. Jnderson D. D., Rev. W. Richards, Nathaniel Willis, Archibald .Alexander D. D., Margaret Bimie, John Sullivan, & Richard Armstrong my nephew. Dec. 28. To day a sad accident occured (I). Mrs. Armstrong with our two youngest children & Mrs. Damon were thrown from a waggon & Mrs. A. considerably hurt. Two of her front teeth in the lower jaw were broken off, a false tooth in the upper jaw knocked clear out, & her shoulder badly bruised. were scarcely injured at all. The others The thing happened by the �4 . native drivers falling out under the horses ( I) feet going down hill & the waggon ran upon a pile of stones & threw all who were in it upon the hard road. Blessed be God the preserver of all things that the affair is no worse. forth? Who can tell what a day or an hour may bring How important that we improve the fleeting moments as they go by us & be always ready to go into the presence of our judge. Jan. 1. 1843. Have meditated much upon & been much affected by the follies, weakness, short comings & vile sins of my past life, which has been mercifully sustained for 37 years. During the year just closed how many mercies have I received from the hand of my Heavenly Father, I have wanted no good thing for body or soul but what my own folly has deprived me of, & yet how small a portion of my affections have been given to my Qod fe±3c & Saviour? How cold & stupid my heart, how full of earth; how full of vanity a great deal of the time? busy all the while. My body is wasted with toil & care. religious enjoyment I have had: like a river. Yet I have been Some at times my peace has flowed At times my heart has panted after God es­ pecially while unfolding to my dear people the riches of his grace in Christ Jesus & I must ascribe these refreshing seasons entirely to his unmerited goodness to a miserable sinner. How can I mend my ways for the future. Resolved to try. 1. Resolved that I, will endeavor by divine aid to be a better husband. 2. Resolved that I will endeavor to be a better father. �5 . 3* Resolved, that I will endeavor to be a better Minister 4. Resolved, that I will endeavor to be a better Christian, more like my Master, more holy in my walk & conversa­ tion, more free from levity, evil speaking, vanity, self-seeking, and every thing that is wrong. 5. Resolved, to try to take better care of my health, to be less distracted by various concerns; to redeem more time for pious meditation reading & prayer, & not to attempt so many things at a time. 6. Resolved, to begin this year as though it were to be my last. Feb. 26./43. For a few days past the plaintive language of the Psalmist has been often on my lips. ”0 that I had wings like a dovei for then would I flee away & be at rest. Lo then would I wander far off & remain in the wilderness - - for I have seen violence & strife in the city.” The excitement in Honolulu has been unparrallelled ( i). Americans, French, & English, all concerned for their respec­ tive interests. Lord Paulet has pressed such heavy claims against the government, & with such force, having a frigate at hand to back him up, that the King & chiefs yesterday ceded the government of the islands provisionally to her Majesty the Queen of Great Britain - & at 4 o'clock on yes­ terday afternoon the British flag was hoisted in the fort. April 4: In a protracted meeting: assisted by Mr. A. Bishop of Ewa; congregation large & attentive; more come out than was anticipated; for the season being one of the most rainy ever known there is a great deal of sickness among �6 . the people. I am inclined to think protracted meetings are beneficial, although no great apparent results from them. Christians are revived & quicked (I), hypocrites sometimes brought out, & sinners are often converted at these meetings & we do not know of it until long afterwards. The cause generally in my field has been advanced by these meetings, but the labour is very ar­ duous & exhausting. I have been struck with the simple childlike prayers & confessions of some of the native Christians at this meeting; & I learn from them a great deal about native character. Apl. 10.”47. Have been somewhat annoyed of late with the opposition on the part of a portion of the foreign community; a violent and abusive article appeared in the S.I. News of March 10, generally believed to be from the pen of the princi­ pal editor P. A. Brinsmade, scarcely equalled for scurrility by any in the old S. I. Gazellee ( I). Can it be that a man who studied divinity in Andover & N. Haven, and preached the gospel with much acceptance - a man who was one of the founders of the Bethel church in Honolulu, who has officiated as chap­ lain on the failure of Mr. Diell - a man who was once as one of us, often bowed the knee in our monthly concerts and prayer meetings - that he has gone over to the side of the enemy & taken up arms against us? It seems to be even so, & the same unhappy man has gone into the fashions & amusements of the world such as card parties, dances &c. But I would pray to be enabled to feel aright in regard to this now bitter enemy. I would pray for him & be patient �7 . under his abuse & count it all joy, if it will only turh out for the furtherance of the Gospel. God grant that it may. I have reason to be humbled in view of the fact that an indiscretion of my own called forth this attack in the News. May I learn wisdom from past errors, 0 that I had more of my Masters ( 1) spirit & likeness. Apl. 11. Preached for Rev. L. Smith from Gen. 4:9 I my brothers ( I) Keeper” . "am Mr. Smith is very ill, of cold on his lungs, & the effects of a long & tedious attack of asthma. Apl. 16. Galled at the palace this morning at 10 o,clock; breakfast being ready his Majesty invited me to partake; the table was plentifully supplied with American ham & eggs, good fish, Kalo fritters, bread & butter, poi and custards. After breakfast we had family worship; all engaged in singing & all kneeld ( I) down in time of prayer. But the King seems to lack a sense of sin; needs a law work in his heart; loves pleasure & does not see the odiousness of sin. May 1. A Refreshing rain to-day, followed by a warm sun. Wife ill from overdoing & being disturbed in the night by persons calling upon me for the sick, of whom there are many, owing to an epidemic that prevails. The people are seized with acute pains in the chest, fever & violent cough, & unless relieved are soon in the arms of death. Of late I have had two & three funerals to attend within the space of one hour. The newspaper war continues; the foreign community is still agitated with dissention; the Bethel church seems to have forsaken its pastor & religion is very low. I have been the subject of newspaper abuse, but by the grace of God, I will �8 hope to profit by it. . The subject of licentiousness occupies much of my mind; as it seems to me the prevalence of that vice threatens more serious evils on these islands than any other, or than all other open vices put together. 3amy little paper I endevour ( i) to lift up my voice against it. Bros. Alexander, Gulick, Forbes & Baldwin all at the station. Examination of Punahou School yesterday — school appeared well. December 6. 1847. Agreeably to a request from the govern­ ment, I entered to day ( I) the office of the '‘minister of public instruction”, & stood in the place of the beloved dead, assisting Mr. Young, the Primier (l), to whom is commited ( 1) the care of this department for the time being. A case of melancholy rested upon my feelings through the whole day, not knowing to what results this step may lead. Found much con­ fusion in the papers of the office, & many disorders existing in the schools in various places. June 7* 1848. To,day ( I) received from the King the office of "Minister of public Ins true ti or/itf The subject of this office has cost me a long & severe mental conflict. To accept of it I could not & to reject it I dared notj to be brought into so close contact with the government, has seemed extremely ob­ jectionable & repugnant to my feelings, & yet to let the school system go down which has succeeded beyond all expecta­ tion, I could not do. I must now go forward. degree upright. But the conflict is over; sink or swim I trust my motives have been in a good Were my object the honor that comes from men, it were madness to seek it in this office, where the most �9 . envenomed shafts of opposition are unsparingly hurled at the occupantj if ease were ray object, I would not seek it, in the midst of perplexity, care & toil that has laid a greater than I in the silent grave. As to emolument, I did not need to seek more than I had, as my support was sure & sufficient. The grand impelling motive in rty mind In this matter has been to do good to the Hawaian ( I) race, & in this office I hope to be more useful than I could as pastor of a single church. And now I pray God to give me grace to seek his glory in all I do, & not my own selfish ends. 0 that, like my di­ vine Master, ”1 may go about doing good”, to the precious children & youth of these islands, & that while I hold this office, may my public & private character both be conformed to the will of Christ. July 31. Restoration day - a fine day - a lavee £levee} at Hale Kauila by Governor Kekuanaoa. gers & natives present. Preble, present. Many residents, stran­ Officers of the U.S. Shfcp of war Commodore Guisinger called at my house after the lavee fleveej, to return a call I had made upon him the same day. This day named my new residence ”Stonehou3e” in honor of a dear friend Admiral Thomas, a name associated with all the rejafcingg of this day, a name that will not soon be forgotten by the Hawaian (I) people. The Admiral resides in Stonehouse, England. Aug. 19. Sabbath - My successor elect Rev. E. Clark, not having arrived, the entire care of the church and the preach­ ing devolves upon me still. Attended a Sab. School of 180 �10 . children & a Bible class and preached three times to day ( I ) . The weather being very sultry, I was much exhausted; but the Lord has sustained my heart & poor tottering frame wonderfully in these overwhelming labours. MI must work while the day lasts, for the night cometh when no man can work.” Nov. 12. Returned three days since from a tour around Hawaii, Maui, & a visit to Molokai. Object of the tour to inspect the schools supported by government. I have been exposed to fatigue, heat, cold, wet, the dangers of the sea & sickness from exposure, but the Lord has preserved me & re­ stored me in peace to my dear family. All my children were sick of the measles during my absence, but they are nearly re­ covered, except the whooping cough. Never was I more depressed in regard to the natives. It wd. seem to be the delight of God to blot them from the face of the earth. Almost the entire population has been prostrate & great numbers die daily in this place. By visiting & administering to the sick I have taken sick myself. Another cause of my present anxiety is a most uncalled for and unfounded attack by Dillon, the French consul. He will no doubt give me all the trouble he can, as he is probably backed up by the Catholic Bishop & all the priests, who are not pleased with my administration of the law in regard to schools. All my conduct may not be blameless, but it has been my steady aim to carry the law into effect impartially and ri­ gidly; paying due respect to catholics as well as protestants. It is my daily prayer to God that, for Christ's sake, he will give me all needed wisdom & strength for my arduous �11 . duties & make me useful to the children of these islands. Feb. 5. 1849. The Commission appointed by the King to in­ vestigate charges against Dr. Judd, has had sessions more or less every week, since the first of December. I act on the Commission after entering my protest before the King; & showing a certificate from Dr. Wood that my health was Insufficient for It. It is certainly one of the most unpleasant, not to say pain­ ful situations, I was ever in. The course pursued by the Commission in taking all testimony indiscriminately, whether hearsay or relevant to the matter in hand or not has been wrong in my view & I have opposed it from the first. The investigation with a view to impeachment should be strictly confined to official conduct: the law so requires; and the ordinary rules for taking testimony in courts of jus­ tice should be observed here. This is one of the unpleasant things I did not anticipate before taking this office. May 20. ’49 Preached this evening in the Palace from Proverbs 15: 18. A t my request none of the young chiefs were present but Alexander Liholiho, ([following to "Kamehameha 4th” inserted in pencil]) the adopted son of the King and his Queen as Kamehameha 4th & none others but the principal chiefs & those immediately about the King who are well acquainted with his manner of life. The discourse was the most pointed I ever ventured to de­ liver in the presence of His Majesty & nothing but a sense of duty could induce any minister to deliver such a sermon to any class of men. But the Kings (I) course of life has of late been �12 . so dissolute, & ruin to himself, if not to his dynasty so sure if he persists in it that my heart could get no relief until I had spoken to him once more boldly in Gods (1) name to abandon sin & flee from impending ruin. My own soul has been burdened bpyond endurance by the Kings ( I) conduct, & this evening God enabled me to speak freely but I trust kindly to him. But I have some apprehension as to the result. May 21. My fears in regard to the discourse last evening are all realized. On opening the p. council to day ( 1) at 10 A. M. the King arose much agitated & stated that before other business was attented ( 1) to, he had something to state, viz. that he had been greatly pained by the sermon on last evening, that it brought out his sins before those who had no right to know about them; that he should never forget the offence ( I) as long as he lives. I arose & humbly stated that if I had offended his Majesty, it was unintentional, entirely so, & that I beged ( i) his pardon for any personality or harshness in my sermon last evening. But he was not satisfied & left the council requesting its members to consider what should be done. A long discussion ensued, in regard to the Kings ( I) late conduct, & my sermon. Nearly all, or quite all (except Hop­ kins the clerk) spoke & spoke well. But the most important speeches were made by John II, Dr. Judd & Mr. Wyllie. J. II arose & said the King was hurt, most evidently, but said he, ”1 am wounded also, I am deeply wounded. My wounds were prior to those of His Majesty & were occasioned by his late misconduct. Said he,&*k did not feel so distressed for the Kingdom in the years of 1838, & 1839 & in times when all seemed �13 to be going. . There was a time when I stood alone by the side of Kinau in the midst of trouble from the consuls, & small as I was my hand diped (I) a pen in a little ink, & saved the land. I felt sat then, but feel worse now. For then we had little to loose ( i)j now, we have got the gov't organized & are going on in a civilized way. But the conduct of the King has filled me with apprehension, 8: I am not alone. It was this grief of heart that led Armstrong to address the King in a way to give him offence ( i); & the King has created his own distress, in this matter. In fact, I am glad the thing has occured ( 1) that we may have an oppertunity (I) to bring about a reform.^ Mr. Wyllie stated, that he had listened to this affair with more pain than he had ever felt before in the p. council on any occasion. And he thought that the Kings (I) private misconduct should not have been remarked upon in a discourse before others; but that the motive was undoubtedly good that prompted it. Mr. Judd said that he was confounded at what the King had stated & hardly knew what to say. But that he had Informed the King privately, that unless he changed his course of life, he must leave his service, because he could not serve, if he continued to drink as he has done of late. That he considered it extremely doubtful whether the government can be carried on should the King continue to be so irregular. But still, he thought it indiscreet to address him so pointedly in regard to his vices, before the other chiefs & he had never pursued that course himself. This was the general opinion that the sermon was unwise, �14 . although all admited ( I) that it contained not a word but the naked truth. Mr. Wyllie proposed three resolutions to be submited ( l) to the King, in relation to the matter, the purport of which a) , , was that the council regrefefedd that the Kings ( i) feelings were hurt & hoped there would never be any more occasion for allu­ ding to any of his private misconduct in future, & that the past be overlooked. The resolutions were carried to His Majesty by Dr. Judd & Mr. Young. He appeared still Cto) be much displeased, & wished not to reply until 10, o,clock to-morrow. On their return the Council broke up. 22. Dr. Judd called on me at 9. A.M. & I sent a note by him to the King apologising (i) for my indiscretion on Sabbath evening. The King replied in a note, that he never could overlook the offence ( I) & that I must be removed from office. I did not attend p. council to-day. At 2, o,clock Dr. Judd returned & informed me that it was all settled & the King wished to see me. I went & he received me with apparent cordiality & said it was "pau”. I assured him of my love & loyalty & my sorrow at having given him offence (I); in doing so, I was conscious of nothing but the deepest anxiety for his welfare & that of his government. left him. After a few minutes I The interview was in his private room & no one (I) else present. Thus this stonn has blown over. My prayer is that God will bring good out of it to the King, the nation, & to myself above all. above, God grant it me. I need more of the wisdom that is from �15 . I have good reason to think, that the Kings ( I) action in this matter was not all his own; neither was it a native who laboured with him to dismiss me from office. 22. The King & Queen, Mr. & Mrs. Young took tea with us this evening & all went off pleasantly. Mr. & Mrs. Thurston were also with us & we had family prayers. flnserted in pencil the following: (Probably had a Guava pie. C.H.B)J July 18. To-day returned from Maui, where I have spent 2 weeks in lecturing on education, in looking at the gov’t lands in Kaanapali, which have been appropriated to the Semi­ nary at Lahainaluna. Pound several government lands in the neighborhood of Mr. Pavier (?]; the Mahinahinas & Kahanas; they are long & narrow, reaching from the seaside to the mountains, & suitable only for pasture. Honokohau is by far the most important of these lands. It extends along the sea shore some 3 miles, & inland say, six miles, with a deep firtile ( I) valley, which is covered with kalo, lying near the S. E. side. & is fit for but little else. This is a good pasture land, If it can be stocked with cattle, sheep & horses, it may produce some revenue for the support of the Seminary. How this is to be done, I do not yet see. The new class in the Seminary is unusually promising; the boys evince good abilities, & better preparation than hereto­ fore for entering the Institution. The common schools in the 1st district of Maui have suf­ fered much for want of proper superintendance. The school houses are, many of them bad, & the teachers have not been so �16 faithful as they should. . The accounts also have not been well kept. Visited Wailuku, Hamakuapoko, Hamakualoa, Haliimaile, Makauao, - Schoolsdoing pretty well in all these places. Land in Pauwela occupied some part of my timej 10 or 12 persons, old friends, wished me to assist them in getting pieces of land in ”fee simple”, which I am happy to do; the lands have been surveyed & applied for. I am glad to serve the people in any way that will promote their temporal or spiritual wel­ fare. They are a poor helpless race & need aid at every turn & at all times. God fgrantj me a heart to labor for them. I have returned home much impressed with the importance of the following things. 1. The importance of encouraging good foreigners to engage in agriculture. They promote industry among the natives; they make labour pleasant by introducing to the natives new & better modes of cultivating the soil, than those to which they have been ac­ customed. No human being can ever love agriculture in the form in which it exists among Hawains (i)> but to drive the plough, & the harrow, the cart, is a different thing. 2* Education must be carried on vigorously. Even industry will not secure prosperity without mental and moral culture. There is so much dishonesty, lying, stealing, & licentiousness among the people, that nothing but vital religion, the fear of God, can subdue them & make them prosperous. The half caste children must all be educated; for they are increasing in numbers & importance. Mr. Baily [Bailey] has a �HAWAIIAN MiSSlOri CFIURCN’S SOCIETY LISRAflY 17 • days ( i) school of about 50 scholars at Wailuku supported by the parents, at the rate of $18. per scholar, per annum. This is an institution of much importance. 3. -Rewards of merit might do good; Rewards for industry, for the care of children, for acts of distinguished moral excel­ lence, as taking care of orphan children, of the sick, saving a drowning man, educating a poor child &C. 4. The missionaries must be aided in seeking a support on the Islands. This is of faiafc importance, inasmuch as their discouragement & retirement from the Islands, would be a very great calamity, and their permanent settlement here,will secure, God, some of the choicest benefits to the native race. 1. In labouring to get a support for themselves, they will lead their people on to habits of industry, & econo­ my. 2. Their children dwelling in the land will form a good moral nucleus for the natives, & a good basis for a white pop­ ulation. As the natives decrease rapidly this is very impor­ tant to the welfare of the nation. 3. Most of all, the missionaries making the Islands their home, & the home of as many of their children as choose to dwell here, will secure a preached Gospel to the Islands. darkness will come over the land. Should they retire, gross Let the day be far distant, let it never come, when the voice of the living preacher shall cease to proclaim thel!glad tidings of great joy” in the temples that now adorn this land. To render Christian Institutions permanent then, should be the desire, aim & prayer of every friend of the nation. Foreigners must & will come in; as the native race is dying �18 . out, we wish to have them; but 0, that a Kind Providence may send us such as will bless the land by their industry, their morality & their piety, & not such as will trample on law, indulge in licentiousness, drunkenness, gambling, & set God at defiance. July 29. This day at 20 min. past 11. A. M. our dear Brother Chamberlain fell asleep in the Lord. He was a good man, a man of God; patient, humble, conscientious & prayerful; intelligent, cautious, and firm in his principles; rather con­ servative, but yet possessing a large share of liberality & exercising great kindness to all. I loved him much, & have received great benefit from my intercourse with him in past years. For 17 years I have known him intimately, & I never knew a better man. 1839 f3 crossed out and 4 under it in pencil} Aug. 2. This morning at l.o,clock, Mrs. Young wife of the Primier (I) died, very unexpectedly. Aug. 12. This morning I returned from Maui on board the Schooner "Lion” of 15 tons I Left my family at Wailuku on the 10th from which place they were to proceed to Makauao fMakawao ?] to reside a few weeks, on account' of Mrs. Armstrongs ( 1) health, which has been feeble of late. While at the Seminary at Lahainaluna, which is under my care as "Min. of Public Instruction", I was consulted in refer­ ence one of the buildings, that attached to the one occupied by C. B. Andrews, & built by Mr. Emerson. It is in great danger of falling down, & I advised that it be taken down & the material preserved or sold. So also I advised in regard �19 . to the Mt. Ball house. Aug. 15. Went to Manoa with Kanaina to settle a dispute between him & two of his tenants in regard to some Kalo patches. On ray return took tea with the Punahou folks; all very pleasant. Have had five invitations to take my meals in families, but prefer to live at home. I should be grateful. ing. But friends are very kind, for which Mr. Dillon has a great party this even­ Spent an hour at Mr. Damons (I) this evening. Wrote a long letter to C. S. Lyman on business this afternoon. Aug. 18. Admiral De Tromelein (Tromelin ?) called at 2, o,clock, & was very talkative & very pleasant. He entered at once upon the existing difficulties between the French consul & this govt. Said he wished, & was ordered to see that the treaty was fairly carried out, & he considered the $5 a gallon duty contrary to the spirit of the treaty; that any thing ( i) over 80 per ct would be considered in France, as a prohibition. I differed from him & tried to show him that notwithstanding the high duty a vast quantity is brought in through the custom house. He also spoke of the language, that the French as well as the English ought to be admited ( I) at the custom house; that as it now is, the nations are not on a parity. conversation was pleasant. But our He does not appear to be a man of much intellect* 1849 Aug. 25. This has been a day of anxiety & apprehension. Between & ( I) three & four o,clock by order of Adi. De Tromelein, about 200 French soldiers landed & took possession of the fort, the govt, house & the fort. ( I) The reason for this is the re­ fusal on the part of the govt., to accede to the 10 imperious �20 demands of the Admiral & French consul. . To yield to such de­ mands would leave but little of the Kings ( 1) sovereignty that would be worth possessing. It is remarkable that in the three instances, in which the French have made demands on this govt., brandy & popery have been the ground of the most impor­ tant of them. The demands are wrong, not sustained either by treaty stipulations, or justice, but God has some wise purpose to accomplish in permitting this invasion of the Kings ( I) rights, & he will doubtless bring good out of it. I have taken much comfort in reading the 37th Psalm, & also the 121th (I); they now have a meaning they never had before. How sweet at such seasons of distress, to have access to the Eternal Father & pour all our cares & anxieties Into his bosom. My (may?] he bless this trial to my poor soul, & my prayer is that he will bless it especially to the King, & make it the means of his conversion to God. Aug. 26. thin. Preached this P.M. for Mr. Smith, congregation, Preached also in the Palace from the 37th Psalm; a pretty good attendance; King not present. Feel very tranquil in regard to the result of difficulties with the French, God reigns & I trust will not allow our Islands to be flooded with brandy & a portion of the public schools to be subjected to the controul ( I) of the Catholic Bishop, to which he has no more right than he has to my horse. Wait 0 my soul thy„ Makers ( I) will, Tumultuous passions, all be still, Nor let a murmuring thought arise, His ways are just, his councils wise. �21 . The frigate ’’Pourduevant” £Poursuivante ?3 Adi. Sep. 5. De Tromelein [Tromelin ?), left to-day, much to the joy of the inhabitants of our town, nearly all of whom thorougly dis­ approve of his proceedings here. He sailed for San Francisco. The ’’Gessendi” ^Gassendi ? 7 , French war steamer also sailed for Tahiti, & the Kamehameha with her. The loss of this fine schooner we shall feel more thaii that of any article the French have destroyed or taken. Nov. 20. 1849. Yesterday the ’’Montreal” sailed taking from our shores Mrs. Richards & two daughters, Mr. Paris & two daughters, C. B. Andrews, Wm. De Witt Alexander, David Hitch­ cock, Alvah & Ann Eliza Clark, Maria Jane & Martha Ann Cham­ berlain — all very dear friends. May God preserve & prosper them. I saw the King at 9 o clock (I), 0 sad, sad, sad 1 Dec? 14. officers. Dined at the Palace with Commodore Voorhes & All passed off pleasantly although the evening was very dark & rainy. But I should have been much better pleased to have seen no wine on the table. Here is now a chief source of danger to the chiefs - drunkenness. It seems to be on the increase now in Honolulu, & is doing untold mischief. All the societies of teetotlers that once flourished here have become extinct, & the evil walks abroad unchecked. Dec. 16. Sabbath. Attended Mr. Clarks ( i) service as usual this morningj the weather rainy & but few come out. Read in the Bible’’History of Prayer” with much interest & I trust profit. It is a most spiritual work, & it seems strange that the conception of it, never occured ( I) to any one ( i) before. �22 . I think it will have the effect of quickening me somewhat in this duty hereafter, & make me a more prayerful man. 0 this heart of unbelief that seeks good every where ( I) else but in Source of all good. May 12. 1850. Assisted Mr. Dole in the administration of the Lords ( i) Supper at 4 P. M. & preached in the Palace at candle light. The King present, although he has attended but seldom for months. The meeting is not so well attended as it used to be, & is rather dull. Religion needs reviving all over the Islands. 1850 July 28. Sabbath. Attended service in the Stone Church this morning; congregation rather thin; weather oppressively hot. The King is feeble, from an attack of liver complaint; to me it is doubtful whether he will ever be well again. His constitu­ tion owing to his habits is broken down. For several months an incessant pressure of care & labor has affected my head & I am now suffering more less daily from acute pain on the top of the brain. I long to be more free from the general business of the government, that I may give my whole time to promoting the interests of education, sound Bible education. The 500 schools, together with the Seminary at Lahainaluna, & the Royal School in this place, now under my care, afford suf­ ficient field for all my exertions. 0 that I could do something to raise up & bless the rising generation. God help me to do it. 1850. Dec. 6. A memorable day in my family. Mrs. Arm- �23 . strong & our son W. N. sailed for New Bedford, in the whaling ship "Julian", Cap. Tabor, at 3 o,clock, P. M. Accompanied them on board, with Ellen & [crossed outj Amelia, & Samuel, in Mr. Damons ( i) boat who also went on board. The ship had got under way, & we had to pull well out of the harbour in order to overtake her. I returned to our house with the children who had thus far borne the parting scene admirably; but when evening came on, & we came around the tea table, the hearts of the poor little girls failed them, & there was more weeping than eating or drinking, for this evening. But before bed time the girls were playing as cheerfully as ever, only once in a while, they would think of the departed ones, & their feelings would gush out. Mrs. Penhallow called, about sunset, & kindly tried to divert the mind of Mary Jane, by going through the garden with her, & talking about the plants & flours (I). I attended an adjourned meeting of the Reeding (l) Room & Library association at \ past 7, and acted as chairman of the same. Dec. 7. Children as cheerful as could be expected today. M.J. feels her loss & her responsibility ( i) most sensibly. Poor girl, my heart has ached for her to day. (I) But a little time will remove the pressure of her feelings, on account of the absence of her mother & brother. on well, & orderly in the family. Every thing ( i) has gone In order to divert the minds of the little girls & cheer them up, I walked down with them to the market at sunset, & got them some cocoanuts; also �24 called on Mr. & Mrs. Bishop in their new cottage. . The "Groton” attempted to go out to-day, but was run into by another ship, & is detained to repair a little. Mr. Wyllie was a little hurt that I did not notify him as we passed by his office when going on board yesterday, as I promised to do, as he wished to see Mrs. A. before she left the wharf; but I apologized on account of our extreme haste to get on board, as we had not a moment to loose ( I). 1850. Dec. 8. Sabbath. A lovely day, clear, calm & cool. The children have been comparatively quiet, orderly & atten­ tive. About sun set (I) Ellen & Amelia began to think of their mother, & had a season of weeping. take us with her? E. saidKrhy did not Mother She knew we would want her” . I attended Sab. school as usual, & morning service, preached in the afternoon, on the danger of living In sin. Deut. 29. 19. & heard Mary Jane & R. Baxter read several chapters in "How to be a man", an admirable little work by Newcombe. May the Lord our Redeemer bless the reading of it, to the children, & cause the sentiments it contains to sink deep into their hearts. But how impotent are good books, the best of books, without the Spirit of God to qucken Cquicken ?} the seed sown? Resolved, to seek the Spirits ( 1) aid for myself & children, with more earnestness than heretofore. Until our children are b o m of God, we have no pledge for their safety from eternal suffering for a moment. 1850 Dec. 9. Wrote a line early in the morning to Brother in law, R. A. Chapman, informing him of Mrs. A.'s & Nevins ( I) departure for the U. States, in the "Julian"; letter went by �25 . the Gov. Davis to S. Francisco. Had Messers ( I) Gower & Parsons to breakfast. Attended privy council afcuten [crossed out} 11; King not present. Attended a meeting on Library & Reading room at 7 P. M. in Mr. Montgomerys ( I) office, was chosen chairman of the "Executive Committee. [»1 The children have been cheerful through the day, & things have gone on well in the family. How kind is our Heavenly Father who supplies our daily wants & gives us peace & quiet. Dec. 10. All well in the family. Mary Jane went out to see her friend Sophia in the afternoon, & the other little girls took a walk on punch bowl (I), which they seemed to enjoy much. Duncan is about to leave for Kauai, to be herdsman for govt, he was much affected at the thought of leaving, & tried, but could not utter his thanks to me for procuring for him, the situation. I wrote letters to Mr. Alexander and Mr. Hitchcock, on matters of business. Have had a very busy day, & have withal a sore throat & some cold. 0 that I could do all I wish, for the people, & especially for the schools. Dec. 12. Mr. Boardman, watchmaker called this morning after breakfast, & appeared very glad to get back to our city. Spent the day in cabinet meeting and translating resolu­ tions in regard to a board of health for the city, to be pre­ sented to-morrow at p. council. All goes on well in the family. succeed ( I) nobly: Mary J. baked to-day, & the bread Is first rate, & cup cakes, a new invention, are delicious. �26 Dec. 15. Sabbath. I preached this morning in the stone church for Mr. Clark, on the duty of churches to support their minister. Congregation large & attentive. In the afternoon read with the children in Newcombs ( 1) "How to be a man". An excellent little volume, & I hope much benefit to the children from reading it with them. Attended chapel this evening, subject of sermon honoring God, & being honored by him. Singing very good; congregation re­ spectably large and attentive. But barren & fruitless are all these services unless the heart is moved by the spirit of God. Dec. 20. This is week of some apprehension, the French commissioner, M. Perrin having arrived a few days since in the corvette "Serluse" (Serieuse ?}, & no salutes having as yet been fired. It is Impossible to tell what to expect from such a people as the French, but one thing is certain they will go no farther than an all wise & holy Providence will permit them. Dec, 22. Sabbath. Attended Sabbath school this morning as usual in the Stone church; attendance good. want of seriousness among the children, Spirit of God. But there is great lhat we need is the 0 for his reviving influences on these poor children I 25. Christinas day. The children began to stir about 5,o, clock, to see what Santa Claus had put under their beds. He seems to have been uncommonly bountiful, for it has been a day of sugar plums, dolls, cakes, & all sorts of toyB among the children. They have all enjoyed themselves greatly. �27 . Mr. & Mrs. Damon & Mrs. Parker dined with us, & Mary Jane had an excellent dinner. After dinner we walked to the Palace, saw the Eagle, pictures, trees &c. In the evening I attended our prayer meeting at Mrs. Chamberlains (I), & it was rather more than usually interesting. A goodly number attended. I called on Dr. Judd in the forenoon, as he is ill, & con­ fined to his bed with cold & fever. The French came ashore from the ”Siriusen [Serieuse ?J & walked in procession to the catholic chapel. 26. Mr. Boardman called & spent most of the evening in very pleasant conversation. His health is not very good, but he has greatly improved in spirit. He appears much as he did in the year 1836 when he first arrived at the Islands. He is putting up the town clock in the stone church. 1850 Dec. 31. Thanksgiving day, & a good day I trust to the souls of many in Honolulu. I attend (l) Mr. Clarks ( I) ser­ vice in the Stone church at If past 9 A.M. & at 11, Mr. Damons ( i) service in the Seamans ( I) Chapelj both good & profitable exercises. The singing In the S. chapel, was the best I ever heard in that house. After sermon, primiums ( I) were given to the most punctual of the Sabbath School scholars in Mr. Whitneys ( I) Sabbath School. Sami. C. & Ellen each reed. one. We all, that is all my family dined with Mr. Damon at 2 P. M. & had as nice a dinner as need ever be got up for any occasion. The children enjoyed it much. Mr. Boardman was with us. I returned home & as rain was coming on, I set out some fig trees, by the help of Duncan. Another Southern Storm seems �28 . to be setting in. Mr. Wyllie dined to-day on board the "Seriuse” with Mr. Perrin. This is the last day of 1850. a dream. The year has flown away like To me it has been a year of toil, care, & responsa- bility ( I); & yet, one of great blessings to myself & family. Blessing, yes, #10 can number them? I have this day been re­ flecting upon them, & 0 that I had a heart duly thankful for Gods ( I) boundless love & faivor to one so unworthy of them I I must strive to be more sensible of Gods ( t) care & love, and Kind Providence, in future, & give him the glory of all the good that I & my family receive. I would live more by faith in God, & less in the creature; & think less of self, & more of the welfare of others. I would particularly seek the good of the young during the coming year, 0 for wisdom from above to enable me to do more than I ever have done for the schools throughout the Islands, that the children may have reason to bless God for ever, that they ever learned to read his word. 1851 Jan. 1. A happy new yeari Yes, thrice happy. Health, & plenty have been our portion during the year past, amemnorable (i ) year on these Islands, for advancement in civilization, & our prospects are good for the future. We enter upon the new year with bright skies, unless they are overcast by a French force now at hand, & I have tried to-day to commit myself & my family entirely to Gods (I) care & guidance fojp the future, & have implored his aid to enable me to serve him more faithfully, & �29 . to grow in grace, & in the knowledge of our Lord & Saviour Jesus Christ. Mr. Harris the lawyer, & Bro. Gulick dined with us. This evening Mr. Wyllie delivered a lecture "before the Atheneum, the greatest tissue of foolery, drollery, & nonsens (.'.) inter­ spersed here & there with some happy hits, & valuable ideas, that I ever heard in my life. On the whole, the lecture was far below the mark, & not what was expected. Jan. 5. Sabbath. I preached for Bro. Clark in the morn­ ing, a new years sermon from Ecc. A full & attentive house. What a pleasure, what a relief it is for me, to stand in the pulpit & speak for God. I often feel that I ought to return thither & forsake all connexion with government. ” 6. Election day - a great day in Honolulu. Monthly concert this evening; but few present. falling off I lamentable truly to behold. 0 what a How can a missionary spirit rest upon our children, if parents are so indifferent as not even to come together, to pray for the conversion of the heathen? I rode to Manoa this afternoon to attend to some applica­ tions for land, & the little girls rode in the hand cart with Brother (?§ to Punahou. They enjoyed it much. May Parker was with them. Jan. 11. Sent my first letter to ray wife to-day since her departure, & sent also a draught on Mr. Hunnewell of $100, in favor of Mrs. Adams, Mr;. ” 12. Sabbath. McLanes ( I) mother. Attended Sabbath school & Mr. Clarks (l) service in the morning as usual, & Mr. Damons ( I) in the evening. The Gentoo arrived today, with Mr. Severence & family. By �50 . request of Mr. Ladd his son Luther lodges at our house for a few days. The King is sick again, from his excesses. out long in such a state. He cannot hold 0 the curse of rum I Intemperance seems to be on the increase in Honolulu. natives completely intoxicated lately. I have seen several I would record it to the praise & glory of God that has hitherto kept me from this vice. Ifhat would I take & be in the condition of the drunkard? Not the whole world. God save icy children from drunkenness, yea, even from ever tasting intoxicating liquor. 1851 Jan. 25. Wind from South, & some rain, have been planting corn, squashes, melons, &c, today. A son of Rev. Dr. Paine of Lexington Va, & a friend of Dr. Junkin (?), of that place lodged with us, for a few days, & left yesterday. He is much of a gentleman, & appeared pleased with his visit. The piano arrived two days since, & the girls appear to be delighted. I called at Punahou to-day & found Mr. Rice very feeble & Mrs. R. also. He has had an attack of choler ( I) morbus. Mr. Pullers ( 1) school closed two days since, after an examination that was tollerable, & an exhibition that went off very well. Mr. Severence, Judge Lee, and Mr. Castle made re­ marks . Luther Severence sleeps with the boys, & appears to be a fine boy. I have much to do at present in regard to translations for my colleague Wyllie in his negotiations with M. Perrin. They �31 . are going deep into the sources of the trouble between us & Prance, & it may be hoped that they will arrive at an amicable adjustment. 1851 Jan. 26. But it is very tedious. Sabbath. I preched ( I) both parts of the day for Mr. Clark in the stone church; in the forenoon from Eph. 5,15, on the evils of ignorance; in the afternoon from 2 Tim. 2;19. The day has been storn^, & the congregation not so large as usual. At 8, oclock A.M. we discovered that a ship was on the reef, about opposite to the stone church, & no help for her, as a powerful wind blew directly on shore. A brig & a schooner were in extreme danger, but by good seamenship ( I) they were brought into the harbour. seamen. Great indeed are the perils of 0 that they more generally looked to God in times of danger. Last Eve§ cap. Tanner (?$ took tea with us, having brought letters from our friend Cap. Loughnan, of Hobarttown. He is a pious old gentleman, & made a sensible prayer at family worship. It is now well known that Mr. Damon intends to leave for the U. States within 2 or 3 weeks, & that Mr. Puller & Miss Mills are to be united in marriage. The Kona rages fearfully. We have read in course, the two excellent little volumes by Newcomb. "How to be a man", "How to be a lady". Luther Sever­ ence, sleeps with the boys, & he seems to be a well trained youth. Gave letters to Mr. Paine for Dr. Junkin, Mary Arm­ strong, & Sami. Chapman. Jan. 30. Mr. Calkin took tea & spent the evening. Poor �32. man I California has been his ruin. He declares he is not worth a dollar 1 He has had another dreadful attack of asthma. We were delighted with one or two tunes & songs he played & sung, the old "Sexton" & the "Ivy Green". " 37. The Min? of Finance presented his budget today. good time for planting this, but for the worms. the corn as fast as it comes up. A They cut down Blakers a German has engaged to commence planting in Manoa. Feb. 2. Sabbath. Preached in Nuuanu to a number of my (I) former parishoners, & our meeting in the old thatched house, after an interval of three years was mutually gratifying. text was Mat. 22. 21. The the design to show the duty of the people towards the King & to sustain good laws, & submit cheer­ fully to taxation. 1851. Feb. 9. Sabbath. Preached for Mr. Smith in the morning on education & in the afternoon at Waikiki; the people rather dull, & congregation rather small. Attended the Seamens ( 1) chapel this eve&. & saw Mr. Fuller & Miss Mills united in marriage. Mr. Taylor preached on "Fools make a mock at s i r H a good sermon. Feb. 15. M. Perrin called this evening at 7 by appoint­ ment to talk about the appointment of separate Inspectors for the Catholic schools. He takes the ground that the fact that all the school Inspectors are Protestants is a violation of the Treaty, inasmuch as this arrangement places French catholic missionaries in a disadvantageous position in comparison with the American missionaries, the School Inspectors having great power, & being altogether under the influence of the latter, & �33, being withal zealous to promote the interests of the Protestant cause. I endeavored to convince him that this is an imtenable po­ sition, for the following reasons.1* That the schools are en­ tirely separate establishments from either Prot. or Cath. missions; They are supported by government, are under govt, con troul (I), & not missionary controul (I); any father than that missionaries of both sects exert more or less moral influence upon them from without, a thing unavoidable & not objectionable 2. The government does not sustain the schools for sectarian, but for literary purposes. It assumes no controul (I) of the religious education of the young. It makes no rules on that subject, any farther than to allow Protestant & Catholic parents, to have separate schools, in which at their discretion their own creeds may be taught their children; & foreign mis­ sionaries resident here as religious teachers have no right to convert these schools into sources fof* omitted ?} sectarian strife, or to make them scenes of prosolytism ( I). 3. No restraint is imposed by govt, on either Prot.3 or cath­ olic missionaries, in converting either parents or children to their respective sentiments. Though the Inspector be a Pro­ testant he has no authority & no power to prevent children in the schools, from passing from one school to another, at the discretion of their parents. Where then is the inequality? If the Catholic priest can convert the parents they uniformly take the children with them, & the Inspector has nothing to say, provided they attend school. And vice versa. Where then �34 . is the advantage given to the American over the French mission­ ary? Both have full scope to make all the converts they can, & in no case is the child of a person of one sect, obliged to attend a school of an opposite creed. 4. No such case is known. I tried to show M. Perrin that there are reasons why none of the Inspectors are Catholics. 1. No Catholic has ever yet asked for the office. 2. In all the districts the Protestants are the majority, & if there is but one Inspector on what principle ought he to be selected from the minority? 3. The catholics generally are disposed to look to a foreign power, rather than to the Kings ( I) govt., for the attainment' of their rights, & their loyalty is doubtful. Hence it is not safe to entrust them with offices. 5. I endeavored to show M. Perrin, that the appointment of Catholic Inspectors for the cath. schools, would not be likely to obviate all grievances. The two Inspectors in a given dis- 0 trict will be antagonist to each other, & will have their re­ spective parties. They will quarrel about scholars, the pro­ portion of funds, about their dignity, & (0 M. P. remarked on leaving that he should write Mr. Wyllie a note on the subject, saying there must be some tinders tending in writing, in regard to the schools. I endeavored to dissuade him from it, assuring him that, the better way would be to let us alone to manage our schools in our own way; that I had submited ( 1) a proposition to the P. council two years ago, to appoint separate committees in the districts to manage the schools of each persuasion, & that plan might have been adopted, �35 . but for the course of M. Dillon, & now if the French government persists in demanding any controul ( I) of our schools, the only way will be to throw them on voluntary support, & the government stand entirely aloof from them. Feb. 16. Sabbath. A windy, & rainy day. Mr. Hitchcock preached for Mr. Clark, a stirring, good sermon, congregation rather small. I was too much excited by Perrin & slept miser­ ably last night, do not feel well to day ( 1). Have tried to-day to draw near to God in Christs ( I) name, & present before him the present threatening state of our affairs, & to plead his former mercies, as a ground for his renewed aid in our present extremity. 1851 Feb. 21. mirth. 22. A ball at Washington place, a scene of gaiety & King & chiefs present. I was invited but did not attend. Mr. Severence & family, Mr. Allen, J. Young, & Mrs. Lee dined with us to-day - had a pleasant party. Lima came in, & did the cooking in good style. 23. Sabbath, a rainy day, few people at meeting, but a quiet peaceful holy, blessed day to me. Thank God for the Sabbath; without it, I should loose ( I) soul 27. & body both. To-day Mr. & Mrs. Damon & son, & Mr. Boardman left this place (Honolulu) for the U. States, via California; carry­ ing a large package of letters from us all to my dear wife & Nevinsnow I trust on the other side of Cape Horne (I), on their voyage homeward. 28. Cabinet council to-day. Mr. Wyllie brought forward the state of his negotiations with M. Perrin, French commissioner, from which it appears, that M. P. maintains that Mr. Wyllies ( i) �36 . note of 26th March *46 constitutes an additional Article to the Treaty of that day, & France will hold this govt, to it; that tho M. P. adinited ( I) in the preliminary articles to the confer­ ences, that the treaty had been observed, now takes the ground that it has been violated by this govt. I see no hope of an amicable adjustment, & shall look forward to more violence. It is perfectly clear, that the priests of Rome are the moving cause, of the greater part, if not the whole of this trouble. Called on Genl. Miller this P.M. found him unwilling to take any part in the existing difficulties, but in the opinion that the govt, should adhere to the treaty of 1846, & yield nothing to France, not required by that instrument. But France does not intend to be bound by treaties I fear, nor any thing ( I) else, but the limits of her own power. But God rules & will bring good, real, & lasting good out of all these vexatious interferences. May my faith in him never failf.} 1851 Mar. 6. Sold the woodland of Haiku to Messrs Allen, Wood, & Burbank to-day, & hope in this way to work through the debt on my house in due time. Saw Mr. Severence this afternoon, conversed on the diffi­ culties with France, found his sjampathies entirely with the govt., & he is ready to do all in his power (& that is not a just little/now) to assist the government. As to the schools, his opinion is most decided that France has no more to do with them, than she has with the public schools of New York, which is a fact. Mar. 10. A special Privy council was held in Mr. Youngs (1) �37 . house in regard to the present critical relations of the na­ tion with Prance. A general feeling of despondency evidently rested on the minds of the chiefs, & but one sentiment was ex­ pressed viz. that the King should prepare the way at once, to throw himself, in case of hostilities on the part of the French, into the hands of some more powerful government until these difficulties can be settled. It was resolved first to sound Genl. Miller as to what pledge of protection he could give on the part of his govt., in case of extremities. The King sent Mr. Young, Mr. Bates, & myself to propound certain inquiries to him. The General was much excited & wished time to reflect, before he replied, & proposed to-morrow evening. 11. Privy council. Genl. Miller made his reply in person to the King, could afford no pledge of protection, & talked most offensively, about the partiality of the government, con­ sular interference, annexation, protectorate &c. The King & chiefs seeing no hope of relief from this quarter, in the hour of danger, resolved to apply to Mr. Severence, which was accordingly done, by a solemn document signed by himself & the Primier (I). 17. Rode to Kaneohe to-day (being the Kings birth day) in company with Mr. Kingsberry, Mrs. J. & Mary Jane. £?J Ladd, Miss A. Severence We got thoroughly drenched with rain, & had a most furious wind to encounter on the pari fpali ?J - never saw it so strong. A soiree at the Palace in the evening - a large number present - dancing was introduced - a very objectionable mea­ sure under the circumstances. �38 1851 Mar. 20. To-day received a letter from R. A. Chapman, my brother in law ( t), hearing the sad intelligence of the death of my father in law ( I) Sami. Chapman of Blanford Mass. is reason to hope that he was a Christian. There How sad will be the disappointment of my dear C - on her arrival in N. England, to find that her aged sire, of whom she thought so much of meeting, is no more I A cabinet meeting to-day, to consider M. Perrin's final proposition for the settlement of the difficulties with Prance. If adopted, it will be some gain, but far from what is wanted. Mar. 31. Called on King & Mr. Young with document to be signed by Mr. Wyllie & Mr. Severence, in regard to present diffi­ culties with Prance, in order to secure protection against sur­ prise in future, King & M r . Young approved. The former has de­ clared to me repeatedly of late, that his sovereignty is be­ coming burdensome & unless he can Che ?1 more respected by other powers & more free from the interference of their agents here, he would rather surrender it entirely. Sent letters to day to Lieut. Johnn, of the Vandalia, bound to Panama, for my wife, son Nevins, R. A. Chapman, & R. ^Anderson. Mr. Allen goes to Washington direct. Apl. 13. My birth day (1), & closes my 46th year. end of 46 years more where shall I be? At the A solemn question. 0 for grace to turn every moment to some good account, since life is but a vapor, & time once mfepent never can be recalled. I would live the remainder of life, less unto myself, & more unto Christ my Lord & Redeemer, & do what I do, more entirely for Him, in bringing men to submit to his yoke. �39 . I have preached three times to-day, twice in the stone church & once in the Palace. The King present at the last service, after a long period of absence, but he gives no in­ dications of reformation. The congregation in the church was full & attentive. On coming out of the stone church I met Cap. Prole of New York, who appears to be a good man, & seems much delighted with the state of improvement among the natives; as he was here 30 years ago, & knows what the natives were then. Apl. 20. Cap. Prole, an Episcopalian, & apparently a pious man, accompanied me from the stone church, where I preached in the afternoon, & went with me also the the Palace in the Evening. He expressed himself as greatly gratified. He is an uncommonly agreeable man, & a gentleman in manners. ” 22. Mr. Taylor & family came to-day to stop with us ■until after Genl. meeting. ” 26. Excessively driven wit$i work, preparing my report for Legislature, translating, & assisting Mr. Young. The care of Mr. Youngs ( 1) department is a heavier weight upon me than my own. ^ * Sabbath. A hot day, not very well, having had a slight fever, & mucji derangement of the system. 1851 May 2. I.T. Gower married this evening at our house to Mary C. Croswell; a pleasant company present tho. small, & all passed off well. Capt. Prole called to take leave. He is a gentleman from N. York, of fine manners, much intelligence & apparently Christian feelings. May 4. Sabbath. Blessed be God for the day of sacred rest; �40 , but for it, I should soon sink under the pressure of my labors & cares. Preached this evening in the Palace, a discourse in reference to I. R. Jasper, who died a week ago, in poverty & misery, and furnishes a striking example of the ruinous effects of early habits of intemperance. He was a man of good abili­ ties, cultivated mind & manners, & well instructed in the doc­ trines & duties of Christianity; but in early life he contracted habits of intemperance which carried him to an early grave. I endeavored to hold him up as a warning to the young chiefs, & the old too. Mr. Taylor preached a funeral sermon this morg. in the chapel, & was very plain in his appeals, on the subject of intemperance. 1851. May 8. to-day. A singular act of villainy occured (1) in my house About noon a native of thin & unusually dark visage, called & gave Mary Jane some egges ( I), saying they were sent by Makalena (my clerk), & stating that I had sent him for a bag of money. ®.J. told him she knew nothing about it. He said I wa3 in a hurry for it, & it was somewhere in the house. M.J. thinking he was one of the men about my office, set to work, to search for the bag of money, & found one, unfortunately, be­ longing to Mr. Bailey of Wailuku, which I had laid out in my bedroom, to be delivered during that day to the agents of the mission. She told the man, there was a bag of money, but it fomlssionj not be the one. He said, if it is not, I will re­ turn it, & he took it away, & he has not been heard of since. The bag contained about $350. in silver. May 12. Reports of the Kings ( I) Ministers read to day ( !) �41 . before both houses of the Legislature, in the stone church. To me it was a most fatiguing day, as it devolved upon me to read an English translation of Mr. Youngs ( I) Report, a translation of Mr. Wyllies (1) in Hawaian (I), and icy own also. May 26. Mr. Perrin left the Islands to day ( I) for Paris. May God overrule all his evil purposes, for the good of his people here, & establish his cause more firmly than ever before, in the hearts of this people, by reason of the opposition of French popery. Perrin did not seem to have receded at all from his original position. June 3. Last evening we had all the missionaries, & ex missionaries, & a few others to tea. season. It was a most agreeable Mr. Thurston made some good remarks, Mr. Coan fol­ lowed & I closed. ” 4. Sent off letters to Mrs. Armstrong, W. Nevins, & Caroline, by mail; enclosed one from Mrs. Hitchcock, & another from Mrs. Taylor to Caroline. Mr. Parsons it appears is much offended on account of his not being invited to our missionary party I erted at top of page In pencil: ”Mr. Parsons gave the brooch of brilliants to C.C.A As though such a char­ acter was worthy of a place in such a company. June 16. Mr. Castle left us to-day for Boston via Panama, & took with him, letters for Mrs. Armstrong, R. A. Chapman; W. Nevins A - C. P. Armstrong, Mary Armstrong, Emerson Davis & some others. " 20. A day of heavy business in the House of Nobles, many bills were read, discussed & passed, & some rejected, or postponed. A resolution of the lower house was received, re­ �42. fusing to reduce the duty on spirits, which was unanimously confirmed by the House of Nobles, with but little discussion, several members calling for the question, on the reading the resolution. 1851 24# June. Took the four girls to Kaneohe, to remain there during my tour to the windward Islands. Mrs. Parker kindly offers to board them for $4. a week each. 27* Shall leave to-day In the Maria for Kaunakakai, Molo­ kai, in order to be at the school celebration on the 30th. Sep. 2d. Returned to-day from my tour over the windward ' Islands, which occupied 10 weeks, & during which I examined over 200 schools; had much pleasant intercourse with the people & the mission families, & experienced much of the goodness of God. The tour has been beneficial to my health, & I trust, that having seen many of Gods ( t) mighty works, & tasted largely of his loving favor, my spirit has been refreshed, & my faith invigorated somewhat. 0 that I had more spirituality of mind, & more zeal for the blessed Redeemer; that my eye might be more single in his service. 1851 Sepr. 27. Saturday night. I have been employed during the week in preparing a report of my late tour to lay before (!) the p. council on monday; & in closing my school account for the first two quarters of the year. A meeting of trustees of Punahou school was held to-day at Mr. Doles ( I) house. Subject, whether to proceed with the new school house or not since some $3000. more than has been ap­ propriated, will be needed to finish it, & $51300 have already �43 been expended over the sum appropriated. . It was concluded to go on & finish it. I made a tour to Waialua & Koolau, in order to see the schools, & returned on tuesday evening; schools in that region very low in general. General Miller called this evening, & was very agreable ( i). 1851 Oct. 12. Mr.Walch & "Lemone" catholic priests called at my office to-day. Mr. W. stated that the other gentleman had some business with me. "Lemone" as natives call him spoke in native, & said he had to complain of the School Inspector in Koolauloa, for not allowing a school (catholic) in Kahuku; that there was there the complement of scholars, & a teacher, but Noopalakee would not give him a license &c. That he had re­ jected some scholars because they were too old & another be­ cause she was too young, & seemed determined to crush the school, & he wished my interference. I told him that I had re­ cently been in Koolau, & heard the Inspectors ( I) statement of this very case — that there was not the compliment ( I) of scholars (15); that the little girl counted was not three years of age, & that he had not forbidden the larger boys to attend the school, but they wished to be released from the school tax, if they did attend; otherwise, they would not attend; & as they were over 16, they could not be released from the tax, & con­ sequently could not be counted as scholars in the school. Hence there was not the complement, Two teachers (one of them was Ha'o) present at the meeting in Koolauloa, stated that one scholar counted, the little girl could not be three years of �44 age. . The boy from Honolulu that was counted as a scholar, the Inspector considered, as not a permanent resident there, & could not be counted as a scholar. This I told the priest was the Inspector’s statement, but still that I had directed him even though the number required, was not quite full, to allow a school, & pay the teacher a small amount in proportion. I informed him that I had in my possession a letter from himself to the Inspector in reference to this very matter, & I regreted (I) much that he had taken it up as though the school was a missionary school, or a school the controul ( I) of which belonged to him, & not to the Inspector, & that his letter, being addressed to one of the Kings (I) officers was a very disrespectful & insulting one. That the government did not assume any controul (1) of religion but it does of the schools it supports, entirely, & that such letters criminating & abusing the Kings ( I) authorities resulted in no good, but great harm. Mr. Walsh in the midst of the conversation asked me, if I pretended to say the govt, was impartial in conducting the schools. I replied "I do”. He replied it had not been so last year for Mr. Johnson, of Kauai had not even taken the oath of allegiance when he had the care of the school money, & "paid our teachers". Well, what of it? not taken the oath of allegiance? And are you sure he had Yes, he said "I can prove it". Well said I, that is a matter I will not discuss at present. Even if true it proves no partiality, nor is it a proper sub­ ject of complaint for you, e& the management of the schools belongs exclusively to the government, & not to priests or �45 missionaries. . You called as I understand on another matter of business, Mr. Walch replied said^l have called on you as an officer of government, for I could not call on you as a gentle­ man, since you published something in the Nonanona years ago, disrespectful to me”. He went on to say what it was, but I checked him, & told him, I would not converse with him on those private matters, that had nothing to do with the business on which they called. They arose to leave, Lemone asking if that teacher at Kahuku, should be paid. all that was necessary. I replied that I had said "Lemone” seemed confused while I was reading & commenting upon his letter to the school Inspector, & said it was the first of the kind that had occured ( I). Oct. 14. Mr. Beckwith arrived this morg. from the U. States, in bad health, has the Panama fever, & is now at my house, con­ fined to his bed. This is a matter of regret as the new Royal School house is ready, & the school should be re-commenced at once. Nov. 14. Reed, letters from my wife to-day - much gratified with her account of her visit to my friends in Penna, much painfed at what she says about my having "floods of company”, & neglecting the children. [[something inserted, but page torn] ( #<5 \ ” 15. Much alarm was occasioned some three weeks ago, by the prisoners, who were not in confinement that night, & made an attempt to kill the Kings ( I) ministers gov. & marshall & destroy the government. They got on Punchbowl, charged two guns, & tried to fire them, but had no matches. They were betrayed by ”Keau" once ray boy, a redeemed prisoner, & a �46 . Tahitian. But much alarm exists now on another account - viz. a threatened invasion by some desperadoes from California, who are supposed to have formed the design of subverting the gov­ ernment, & establishing a republic. The government is consider­ ing what military force should be organized, for the safety of the nation. Spme of its members think its internal dangers are greater than the external. John Ii, stated in P. council that the conduct of the King in going about with his mistress, & his drunkenness, is putting his independence in more danger than arises from the Californians. Kekuanaoa, Lee, Bates, Judd & myself supported II; Wyllie differed, & thought we had nothing whatever to do with the Kings ( I) private habits, be they ever so bad. Nov. I. It is evident that certain adventurers from California are concerting plans to overturn the Kings ( I) government, & set up one of their own; but it is said they find no place for a foothold; no flaw in the govt, as they expected; no strong opposition among foreigners to avail themselves of, & hence it is doubtful whether they succeed. Dec. 5. Dedicated the new schoolhouse of the Royal School to-day; weather unfavorable, but few out. I made an address, & Mr. Beckwith followed, in a happy manner, illustrating the re­ lations of teacher, parents, & scholars. Dec. 8. Royal School re-opened with 35 scholars, under Mr. E. G. Beckwith. The prospects of the school are fair. Dec. 18. Thanksgiving, attended Mr. Clarks ( I) meeting at 10, A. M. & Mr. Taylors ( I) in Seamens (.’) Chapel at 11; both good meetings. Mr. Taylor dined with us at 2, & after dinner we �47 . rode to Kalihi, Mr. & Mrs. Bishop, Mary Jane & myself, to see old Mr. Adams’ garden. There we found mango trees, peach trees, breadfruit, grape vines, orange trees, &c -» all growing most luxuriantly; & Mr. Adams was very polite to us. Dec. 25. Christmas & ”SantaclausM ( I) sent many nice things to the children, & they are all in good humor. Had an invitation from Cap. Gardner to dine on board the Vandalia on Saturday, which I declined, as I shall probably be out of town, & I don’t enjoy these "dinners". 1852 Jan. 1. Wrote a long letter to Dr. Davidson in the morg. & made a great number calls in the course of the day, some 25 or 30, - was well received & met much Cordiality every vfliere (I). It was a very pleasant day on the #iole. A large party at Dr. Judds in the evening - every body ( I) there, some good singing all went off well. God give me grace to honor & glorify him & enjoy much of his presence, & do more good than I have ever done, during the present year. I wish to be more Christ like, more holy & heavenly minded, & be wholely reconciled to the divine will. With Gods ( I) help I will think less of self, & of earth, & more for the welfare of souls, & the good of my own dear childrem, during the present year. For these I must pray more & labor more that they may be brought to Christ. Feb. 11. Mrs. A. & Caroline this day returned home from the U. States - came to Panama in the Steamer Ohio, from thence to S. Francisco in Golden Gate; & from thence here in the "John Potter" - a miserable vessel, had a passage of 27 days! was �48. glad to welcome them home. God he praised for his goodness I This dear child has been gone 11 years & has returned in safe­ ty. 1853 July 20. A storm has arisen against Dr. Judd & myself, & efforts are being made for our removal from office, professedly for our not keeping out the smallpox, but really I think from motives of personal ill will on the part of some of the lead­ ers, & of the old anti-missionary feeling on the part of most. The prime mover Dr. Lathrop owes me a grudge, & Judd also, since his trial with Paki, in which our testimony went against him, & he lost his case. Hence his bitterness. But I did con­ sider his attempt to take away Paki’s Kalo land as a shameful piece of fraud, as I was interpreter between them, when the bargain was made, & knew what was said. Paki stated again & again that he did not intend to lease the Kalo land. could not but testify to, when called on. This I Dr. Newcomb had a quarrel with Dr. Judd & is violent against him. His profession­ al pride or avarice may be touched by my not employing him more in reference to the smallpox. Others may have private piques & many have old dislikes against Dr. Judd; but the most of them, I think, are actuated by a dislike to missionary influence in the government, as it has tended to the enactment & enforcement of laws against intemperance, licentiousness, Sabbath desecration &c. These are obnoxious to most foreign residents in Honolulu, & they wish to remove from office, all who sustain such a policy. Sep. 5, 1853. On Saturday last the ministers, at the Kings �49. request handed him their commissions, & to-day new commissions have been handed to Mr. Young, Mr. Wyllie & myself. Mr. Allen's is made out, & will be given him on his taking the oath of allegiance. They are given under the new constitution. Why Dr. Judd was dropped, I do not certainly know, not being in the councils of the chiefs for the last few days, in which these matters were talked over, & not having any thing to say about it. But I perceived clearly that the King was was ( I) resolved on removing him during my last conversation with him, but he did not say why, nor has any one told me why, except a hint that the Dr.'s annexation schemes had excited suspicion. His general unpopularity may have helped the matter, & some private influences hostile to him, all together ( I) may have decided the case. To him, it may be a kind providence, as he may now be let alone, to pursue his way in private life, al­ though he will find it hard at first to support so large.a fam­ ily. He has been for many years the butt of a fierce opposition in Honolulu; & although faulty in his manner of doing things, & often gives offence unnecessarily, yet injustice is often done him. Substantially I regard him as a good man. Owing to my close connexion with Dr. Judd, being associated with him, in the minds of many as old missionaries, I supposed for some weeks of late that the opposition to myself would prevail & I also would be removed from office. The idea had become not unpleasant 1c me, although with my large family, I could see nothing before me in returning to the pastoral duties, but toil & poverty for the outward man. The inner man would be more likely to prosper however; & Mr. Clark has often proposed �50 . to me, in case I leave the government to return to the "Stone Church" & take charge, leaving him the east end of the parish as his field. For this kind proposal I feel thankful to him & to Godj & I trust I feel willing to spend the remainder of my days in that blessed work for which I left my native land, & came to these Islands. I was always happy in that work, & from all I have seen of "high places", I prefer it to all the "pomp & circumstance" that surrounds. They are emptiness & vanity itself. As to what my enemies say of me, it affects me but little, so long as I am conscious of being innocent of the things they lay to my charge. As to my getting rich, were I called from earth to-day my family would be in want. The only purchases I ever made of government were three, as follows, First, one third of what remained unsold of the land called Haiku, on Maui. This I proposed to purchase for $500 not knowing how much land there wa». The Privy council unanimously voted, to give me this land as pay for the half years ( I) services I rendered in the office, before I formally assumed its duties, which would be $1500. On measuring off this third after the division with M. Kekuanaoa, there were about 1300 acres, including native claims, which would make the average over $1 per acre, while Mr. Gower & Miner purchased parts of the same land - choice pieces too - for $1. per acre. they? Why should I pay more than The services rendered during those six months were real, important & laborious. The Department was in much confusion, & great labor was requisite to get up the first statistical report for the Legislature. The move to grant me this land �51 was made by M>. Kekuanaoa the resolution drawn by Judge Lee, seconded by Mr. Wyllie, all of which I think will appear from the records of Privy council, for ( I) 1849. My second purchase was 36 acres of land - dry upland, [in­ serted in pencil "in Manoa"J for $2. per acre. With very few exceptions, all the other lands in that valley, whether wet land or dry, were sold for $1. per acre, as the records of the land office will show. acre, was The reason why I was willing to give $2 per if the thing should ever be looked into, I might be above suspicion. My third purchase was ray house, for which I was to pay $>5000; one thousand a year for five successive years. The house cost over $8000, & afterwards (it was purchased in 1849) became the subject of investigation & report in Privy Council. Mr. Wyllie was appointed to report upon it; he did so after a thorough examination of the subject, & his report is on record in full. My worst enemy, on reading it, would find it difficult to point out what was wanting on my part to make the transaction fair & honest, so far as I was concerned. It was sold at a loss to the government of over $3000; but the price I offered was all I was able or willing to give, at the time, because I thought I could do better than give any more for such a house * then. Of mal feasance ( l) in office ray enemies have not proved me guilty; they have not attempted it. Had there been any serious thing of this nature in ray official conduct, it could hardly have escaped the searching gaze of the Legislature of 1852-3. James Mott Smith, a dentist in town, was a member of the last �52 . Legislature, was chairman of the Committee on education, & found no fault with anything in my department, although he had the freest access to my office. After the Legislature had been pro­ rogued, in an indignation meeting he finds me guilty of malfea­ sance, & worthy of reprobation I I would not be uncharitable, but I confess I cannot see any thing ( I) but unfairness, crooked­ ness, in such conduct unless Smith can show that he discovered my faults after the Legislature had retired, which he does not pretend to do. He is a professor of religion! So is Dr. New­ comb I May the Lord who is to judge us all, not lay this sin to their charge. Dec. 10.(Sabbath) Preached in the stone church this after­ noon, text, ”The love of Christ constraineth us”, had good attention, but I did not speak with my usual freedom. fections were cold, & my mind stupid. 1fly af­ I have too much to do with secular fiffairs to preach well. I have just been reading the life of Dr. Green, of Phila­ delphia, a man of distinction in the Presn. church in his time, & once Prest. of "Nassau Hall”. At my ordination in Baltimore in the fall of 1831, by the Synod of Philadelphia he made the ordaining prayer, & I have yet a very lively impression of the solemn scene. The Memoir is not only interesting but very instructive, & I trust the reading of it, will not be without profit in my case. M s plan of praying three times a day in secret, & of devoting a day in each month especially to prayer for different objects, was a good one, & with Gods ( !) help I will try to imitate it. I need to make greater efforts than I have done to keep my mind from becoming secularized. I have �53. too much to do with the world for my souls ( I) good. 0 for a more heavenly mind. 1854. Mar. 11. Have had my feelings greatly tried to-day by the conduct of Consul General Miller, who called about 5, o, clock P.M. in a perfect rage about the Nuhou, just published, & contains some articles in favor of annexation. The Editor is my clerk J. M. Marsh, & hence the general attributes the publi­ cation to me. It was in vain I told him, that I had merely glanced over the paper, had not had time to read it, & that I did not know until I saw the paper that my clerk was to be its Editor. This only seemed to increase his fury, although I told him the sober truth & nothing but the truth. He stormed & said I had gone altogether too far with this matter of annexation; that he & Mr. Perrin were not going to allow a few missionaries to annex the Islands; that I had one narrow escape & had better look out; that we ha£ carried our heads high now, as we had every thing our own way; he knew what was going on in the stone church, 5b a great deal more of the same sort. I was much annoyed, as I have often been, by the passionate & ungentlemanly conduct of this functionary; but I managed to keep my temper, & shall endeavor to conduct myself circum­ spectly in reference to him hereafter. July 26. Last evening heard Miss Catharine Hayes sing in the court house, & was not disappointed. ful musical powers, beyond question. She posses*^wonder­ The piece "I Know that my Redeemer liveth", I enjoyed exceedingly. July 30. Sabbath. I have been reading to-day the "Journal �54 & letters of Henry Martyn", I trust with some profit. . One thing is certain, I have not that spirituality of mind that he enjoyed; nor have I made those efforts to attain it that he did. I am altogether too earthly minded, too anxious about the future in this world, & too little impressed with divine & eternal things. My situation in the government, I feel more & more, to be unfavorable for growth in grace, & advancing in holiness. I have too much to do with the general affairs of government, harrassing & perplexing affairs too, among such a people. But I took the office, as I believe, with a view to be more useful to the Hawaian ( I) people in promoting their education, & I do not yet see it to be my duty, to resign, lest the superintend­ ence of the schools, should fall into worse hands. It has been my aim to glorify God in my office, in seeking to enable this people to read his word, & keep his holy law. I must aim after more entire sanctification; be more entire­ ly consecrated to Gods ( I) service, & be less entangled in the affairs of the world. God in mercy help me thus to do. I must pray more. Dec. 24, 1854. Sabbath evening - a very stormy night. It is a time of wailing & lamentation with the natives, on account of the death of King K. III. which occured ( I) on the 15th inst, at a quarter before 12, noon. spectacle, a sad end. I was present. It was a sad The King was one of the best hearted men I ever knew, indulgent to his people in the extreme, & during his reign of 29 years, they advanced more in civilization, & Christianity than perhaps any people similarly situated ever did. They therefore really mourn his death, from one end of �. 55 the land to the other, with deep sorrow. personal habits were excessively bad. But the Kings ( 1) Of late years his in­ temperance has been almost constant, brought on delirium tremen&, quite a number of times, & finally carried him off. He was also unfaithful to his wife, & kept a mistress openly for several years. He was the object of much prayer, warning & instructions, but seemed to disregard it all,. & at last, al­ though he expressed sorrow for sin on his deathbed, he was hardly rational, & it was very unsatisfactory. Liholiho or K. IV. has commenced his reign by paying respect to the sanctuary & the Sabbath, collected his ministers around him & his sister & walked with thou all to church to-day & also last Sabbath, the two first of his reign. pression on the public mind. from this course. This made a good im­ God grant that he may not swerve Much prayer is offered for him that he may go straight. He has not yet selected his cabinet, & the talk is that I and Young are to be left out, when it is formed. God give me a heart to be satisfied with his will, whatever it may be. is all Iask. This It would be agreeable to me to go on a while longer & see what more I could do for the schools, especially those to teach English to natives; & also to procure the means of educating ray large family, but I leave it all in the hands of my heavenly father, who will order all things aright. I took the office with extreme reluctance seven years ago, & have never been quite satisfied to have so much connection with secular affairs; & now it may be my Masters ( i) intend (I) to have me return to preaching & pastoral work. �56. Jan. 15. Great opposition to my appointment as Min? Public Instruction, as the King himself informed me, was made by some of the chiefs. On what grounds he has not informed me; but assured me of his own confidence, & that no opposition could move him. This is the more remarkable since the Kings ( 1) associations have been mostly with men, not all favorable to re­ ligious men, or men of missionary partialities. But the Kings heart is in the hands of the Lord & he turns it, as the levers [ ? ] of waters are turned. I take this as a token of Gods C D favor to me, to my family, & the nation, inasmuch as I greatly feared, if I were dropped out of the new cabinet, the schools would fall into bad hands. A strong effort xvould be made to get a man in the office of liberal views; in other words an irreligious man, and one of loose notions & practice (?) in regard to ardent spirits; a thing that would grieve the best part of the population of the Islands exceedingly, both natives & foreigners. Blessed be God for his goodness. If I know my heart I wish in this office to glorify & honor him in laboring for the good of the rising generation, April 13. My birth day. I am just fifty years old to-day. How rapid, how like a weavers ( I) shuttle is the flight of time I I feel admonished now to be more in earnest in serving God, doing what my hands find to do, with my might, & especially growing in grace & the knowledge of my Lord & Saviour Jesus Christ. We have had a school celebration to-day. 26 schools were present in Mr. Smith's church, where was the King, L. Kamehameha, b. Kamamahi & nearly or quite all the chiefs & representatives �57. of the people. The King spoke well, expressing his gratifica­ tion at seeing so many schools, of all classes & colors, white, native & half caste — all united in the pursuit of knowledge, & pledged his support to every measure for the enlightenment of his people. Prince Lot followed with a few remarks in the same strain & John Ii, Gov. Kekuanaoa, Mr. Austin, of Lahaina, R. G. Davis spoke with great animation & good effect. After the speeches the schools marched in procession to the old Royal School yard & had a picnic. The King rode in my carriage & seemed to "be much pleased. July 2d On this day I ceased to be a minister of the crown, by the late act of May 7th drawn up & proposed by myself, re­ modeling the Department of Public instruction, & placing it under a Board of education, consisting of a President & two Directors. I attended the Privy council at 11 A. M, read the usual prayer; the minutes were read & approved, I then arose & addressed the King & council for some 20 minutes, expressing all my gratitude to His Majesty for/his kindness, & my desire henceforth to be entirely devoted to the schools, & education. This was my original desire when I first took office, - to be disconnected from the general polities of the country, & be wholely given up to labor for the schools; at the same time I assured the King of my willingness to serve him in any way. I also thanked my colleagues - the other ministers for all their courtesy & kindness, as we had been very harmonious in our council for seven years. Having finished my remarks I took leave of the council & the following resolution was passed, being proposed by Mr. Wyllie C O �58 {[rest of page blank} I would now consecrate myself anew to the great, good & holy caase of education, & spend the little strength & small abilities granted me, while connected with the Department, in seeking the best good of the young on the Islands. God give me wisdom, zeal, prudence, patience, perseverence, & every needed qualification for this work. Nov. 1, 1855. I have just returned from a tour of ten weeks around the windward Islands, examining the schools, de­ livering lectures to the people, on education & kindred topics, & promoting the welfare of the young in such ways as were open to me. I feel that I have great cause for gratitude to God, for his abundant goodness in preserving me through all the dangers of this long journey, & bringing me home in safety to my family, which I find in health. I was exposed to some danger in cross­ ing the channels between Maui & Lanai, Maui & Molokai, & Maui & Hawaii, in boats, but the Lord graciously preserved me. The heat too was at times very intense especially in Kona, Hawaii, & the rains in Puna & Hilo occasioned an illness of some days. But I had much pleasent intercom’se among the brethren of the mission, & their families, & I feel that I have continual cause for gratitude that, from the time of my taking office as head of the schools, in 1848, I have had so much of their co­ operation, sympathy, and support. While on Molokai, in Sepr it was my privilege to attend the funeral of my fellow voyager to the Islands in 1831, 32, Hitchcock. I knew him intimately ever since, often labored with him in the Gospel, & although he was a man of ordinary abilities, never enjoying perfect �59 . health since he came to the Islands, I regard him as a mission­ ary of the very first rank. He was bold in his declaration of truth, & firm in bringing up his church to what he regarded as the Gospel standard; self denying, zealous, untiring, & litterally ( I) wore himself out in labors for his people. There have been few ministers or missionaries more successful; & few more lamented at their departure from the world. 1855 Nov. 10. It is a time of pecuniary distress in Honolulu; there have been several failures, & I among others have suf­ fered loss, by one of the bankrupts, & by being one of the stockholders in the Flour mill. But I feel humble & ashamed that these temporal matters annoy me so. heavenly minded, it would not be so. this worldly spirit. If I were more I must struggle against 0 to live more by faith, to feel more & more the vanity of the world, to see more of the glories of heaven, & to have more of Jesus in my heart. I must piay more, watch more, & fight harder, against the world, the flesh, & the devil. 1856 Hard times in Honolulu, Dr. Ford, C. Vincent, J.G. Lewis, MrS»fc&£ Carter, R. G. Davis, all failed. I got clear of the flour mill co. but as the security given me against its liabilities is not all good, I am not out of danger of more loss. Yesterday the stockholders deposited se­ curities for for ( i) the payment of the debt, each in proportion to his shares. I wish to be admonished to set more by the world & hereafter, as I am a minister of Christ, to avoid all such entanglements. �60. May (?) 11. My wife, Ellen & Amelia at Molokai on a visit. I have preached as usual in the afternoon for Mr. Clark. Con­ gregation much as usual, pretty full; but very little life among the people. churches. It is a time of great stupidity in the Lord revive us. June 4. General Miller called early in the morning with my Report to the Legislature, in his hand & in a very bad humor about it. He pronounced the whole concern an imposition on the public, & seemed most annoyed by the table of English Schools for natives, where it appears that several missionaries are employed as teachers on salaries of $800 a year: and the teacher of the Royal School, he said, had $1800 a year, and only 18 or 19 scholars I This I told him was positively false, but I am sorry that I did it in ill temper. I always feel that (!) I loose, & dishonor my Christian name, when I loose ( I) my temper. June 16. Preached twice yesterday. The charge of the church & congregation during Mr. Clarks (I) absence in the U. States, devolving on me, is a great additional care, for which I need more strength of body & more of the love of Christ & of souls in my heart. But it is the work that I love best of all; the work for which I left my native land, & may I never cease to esteem it the best, the noblest work any man can engage in. The Kings ( I) marriage was announced yesterday by myself in church, & the license to marry read according to law & usage; it is to take place on Thursday the 19th, which is to be a holyday ( !), great preparations are being made �61. Honolulu, Nov. 9, 1856 Sabbath. I preched ( i) as usual in the stone church in the morning, & at Waikiki waina, in the afternoon. religion in the church is low at present £.J The state of I begin to wish for Mr. Clarks ( I) return that the church may have more atten­ tion than I can give to it. It requires the undivided labors of a whole man. One indication of the low state of feeling, is the backward ness of the members to pay the salary of their minister; it has not been over half paid during the present year. I have been much embarrassed of late from want of funds in the Treasury to pay the salaries of teachers of select schools. Some of them have not been paid any thing ( !) during 3 months past. 1857. Feb. 7 Sabbath - a day long to be remembered. My dear son in law ( I) E. G. Beckwith made his first efforts at preaching to-day. Fort St. church was well filled with people, & for a first effort, it was considered very successful. I wish here to record ray gratitude to the adorable Head of the Church for thus calling one so near to me, to be a minister of his word. I take it as an honor from God, greater than if he had bestowed on this dear man, the highest earthly distinction. God give him daily wisdom & grace to enable him to adorn the doctrine of God our Saviour; to win many to righteousness, & give me grace to pray for him daily while I have a heart & my reason to pray for any thing ( 1). Feb. 22^- E. G. Beckwith preached in Seamens ( I) Chapel, a truly (?) sermon, on Gods ( I) love to men in the mission of �62. Christ, or a "Crucified Saviour". I do not know what Gospel is. such a spirit & such gifts. If it was not pure gospel God be praised for a son who has The house was full & attention excellent. Immorality is growing more bold among the natives. I hear of much gambling going on; & licentiousness , if not on the increase, is certainly more unblushing. The dance houses kept by Booth & others, in which native women of abandoned character, assemble & dance publicly with white men, have been presented as nuisances and cleared by a jury picked by the British con­ sul, a fact which tends to embolden vice. 1857. March 11. To day (1) my dear Janie left in the Yankee, in company with my dear son in lav/ (I), Rev. E. G. Beckwith, for the land of ny birth - the former to seek health in Califor­ nia; the latter an endowment for Oahu College, in the Eastern States• Last evening letters arrived from the Am. Board, approving q M r . B , going on this business, & proposing that I go also after July next. This, I confess takes me quite by surprise. To visit my country & kindred, would be a welcome task; and yet, even for this, I have never felt a strong desire, & I would not leave my work while in health, to enjoy such a luxury; but to go as requested, to solicit funds to endow our little College, is another thing entirely. against the Idea. My heart instinctively revolts I have been too long from that good land, am too rusty as a public speaker, & lack courage, & perseverance for such a work. The only hope would be in applying to men of wealth, & such men are apt to be very difficult of access on �63 such subject. . Still I only ask to know my Masters ( I) will, & for grace to do it when once known. 1858. Jan. 2. Just returned to day ( 1) from a visit home, to my dear native land, having been absent since the 27th June last, & was in the States 3 months & 8 days. The journey was not without inconveniences & trials; but they were comparatively trifling. I travelled upwards of 20,000 miles, c.o on.land & water, & no accident befel me; nor was I sick an hour, noi? lost a nights C O sleep. The time of my greatest exposure to danger was on the steamer ’’Star of the West,” from N. Y. to Aspenwall, the vessel being overloaded with freight & passengers & during the last three days, the yellow fever broke out among the passengeB (I). Six died of it. They lay in the dining saloon, which made our meals most disagreeable. The fare both on the ’’Central America”, on which I took passage from Aspen­ wall to N. Y, & the ’’Star of the West,” was miserable indeed. I was most kindly received by the Sec!? of the Am. Board in Boston, & received from them every attention. The Annual Meeting of the Board in Providence was to me, the most, interest ing gathering of my life. What a noble spectacle was the Board itself as it sat upon that platform I Such an assemblage of learning, talent, piety, eminence, worth, Is rarely seen C»J My object in going there was to co-operate withEres. Beck­ with, in soliciting funds for the endowment of Oahu College, & the most ample oppertunity ( I) was afforded us. Our addresses were especially Mr. Bf/well received, & several thousand dollars were subscribed immediately. But while there a very heavy failure occurred in Providence, & the daily papers contained n �64. notices of failures all over the country; this was the begining (I) of a "financial revulsion" seldom equalled in any country, & we were obliged to abandon our object, till a more prosperous time, & return home. But we obtained in all a little over $8,000 in money, & perhaps $1,000 more in books, over & above what had been previously subscribed. My short visit of about two v/eeks to my native place in Pa. was full of interest, pleasant & painful interest. of 26 years had changed every thing ( I). home at all. The lapse It did not seem like I looked in vain for the old landmarks, trees, woods, fences, roads &C, but only here & there could I find a trace of what I used to be so familiar with when a boy. Where once stood a log "meeting house" on what used to be a corner of my fathers ( I) farm, surround ( I) by a pleasant grove (!) of pine, oak, maple & hicory, under whose cool shade, the church going people of the surrounding country, used to stand or sit in groups during recess, on Sundays & talk of religion, politics, crops, prices &c, there I found nothing but a crop of wheat. The axe & the plough had been there & all was changed. The Sabbath I preached at the "Warrior run" church, for Mr. Sheddan, was very oppressive to my feelings. to controul myself. I found it hard There was where I first heard of a Saviour, but the voice of the venerable Bryson had long been silent in death. There were the companions of my early days, but I did not know them - all so changed. grave of my dear, dear mother. There more than all was the Had I been alone I felt like sitting down upon it during the whole day, & weeping tears of gratitude & affefcjtion. My fathers ( I) grave is by it, & �65 . near also are those of sister Jane, & Nelly, & four days after I left home another, poor dear Caty, a deaf sister, was laid there. I preached on the text, ”The fashion of this world passeth away." After leaving home, I went to Washinton ( I) & saw the President ^inserted in pencil "Buchanan") to whom I had a flattering note of introduction, & he received me with much respect although the room was half full of people, & gave me a note of introduction to Senator Bright of Indiana. I also saw Genl. Cass for a few minutes, visited the Capitol, walked about the city & in the afternoon of the same day left, for Baltimore. Here I had a delightful visit with the friends of my good friend Dr. Nevins. I attended a week day prayer meeting in the vestry, & stood in the same little desk where I reed, license to preach 26 years before, & it was sad to think that not one member of the Presbytery which licensed me now live. reward. Nevins, Breckonridge, Morrison, &c all gone to their On the Sabbath I preached in the same old pulpit in front of which I was ordained in the fall of 1831, the venerable Dr. Green of Philadelphia making the ordaining prayer. It was at the meeting of the Synod of Philadelphia. I attended the meeting of this same body in Oct. last in Lancaster Pa. & found but one member who had been at my ordination C»J � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Armstrong Family Journals Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Armstrong, Richard - Journal - 1831-1834, 1837, 1840-1858 Description An account of the resource Typescript, 3 volumes Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource If you would like permission to publish or reproduce this material, please send your requests to archives@missionhouses.org Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hawaiian Mission Children's Society Library at the Hawaiian Mission Houses Historic Site and Archives Hawaiian Mission Children's Society Library at the Hawaiian Mission Houses Historic Site and Archives https://hmha.missionhouses.org/files/original/39f68b837384f586417dcea32f9140e6.pdf 2e8a146658fb1d752d9eabbff526b6b0 PDF Text Text �������������� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Armstrong, Richard - Missionary Letters Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Armstrong, Richard - Missionary Letters - 1829-1832 - To brothers and sisters Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource If you would like permission to publish or reproduce this material, please send your requests to archives@missionhouses.org Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource text https://hmha.missionhouses.org/files/original/1dc00d9d7d499d536d600c82bc3058c2.pdf cab188b1196820eb2c2d6ec84666ef27 PDF Text Text ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Armstrong, Richard - Missionary Letters Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Armstrong, Richard - Missionary Letters - 1831-1848 - To Mrs. Chapin, Elizabeth Bingham, Chamberlain Castle, Mrs. Lyons (2nd) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource If you would like permission to publish or reproduce this material, please send your requests to archives@missionhouses.org Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource text https://hmha.missionhouses.org/files/original/064a0155d10792e8e8c1d7b85273ef33.pdf e925c4018bbeabe201c22c85068fe543 PDF Text Text ����������������������������������������������������������������������������� https://hmha.missionhouses.org/files/original/9110400d08836f0cf2835474178e8206.pdf c7955c97bcd3b9341c30209fdd8159fe PDF Text Text ����������������������������������������������������������������������������� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Armstrong, Richard - Missionary Letters Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Armstrong, Richard - Missionary Letters - 1831-1854 - Armstrong, Clarissa Chapman letters Description An account of the resource - One folder digitized and uploaded as two parts Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource If you would like permission to publish or reproduce this material, please send your requests to archives@missionhouses.org Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource text https://hmha.missionhouses.org/files/original/9856502096ad8ecbfbe8e7e288ea8ce3.pdf 07130d5f1c40c5dcfb31d12cc0dc73b5 PDF Text Text ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Armstrong, Richard - Missionary Letters Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Armstrong, Richard - Missionary Letters - 1833-1836 - To Chamberlain, Castle Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource If you would like permission to publish or reproduce this material, please send your requests to archives@missionhouses.org Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource text https://hmha.missionhouses.org/files/original/519a81f244178198dfe7dfd8fb9cdc33.pdf e363d757a205301f02d4da0a5d0d87a1 PDF Text Text ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Armstrong, Richard - Missionary Letters Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Armstrong, Richard - Missionary Letters - 1833-1836 - To Chamberlain, Chapin Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource If you would like permission to publish or reproduce this material, please send your requests to archives@missionhouses.org Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource text https://hmha.missionhouses.org/files/original/8598d10c9202e5ae55f27f4956a587bc.pdf a1475219ec2a60b13fc1100067090648 PDF Text Text ���������������������������� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Armstrong, Richard - Missionary Letters Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Armstrong, Richard - Missionary Letters - 1833-1841 - To Rev. 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Title A name given to the resource Armstrong, Richard - Missionary Letters Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Armstrong, Richard - Missionary Letters - 1837-1847 Description An account of the resource Scanned Xerox copies from the Armstrong-Chapman papers, Library of Congress Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource If you would like permission to publish or reproduce this material, please send your requests to archives@missionhouses.org Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource text https://hmha.missionhouses.org/files/original/790226ee96a61d188cbe47e44ed1e56f.pdf 5a113501ecf52fcbbd9dee0650085f45 PDF Text Text ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������� https://hmha.missionhouses.org/files/original/412620854346c5d908c48f50e24b8b5f.pdf 9d57a9b73c09847026b662ce36503731 PDF Text Text ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Armstrong, Richard - Missionary Letters Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Armstrong, Richard - Missionary Letters - 1840-1846 - To Dwight Baldwin Description An account of the resource - One folder digitized and separated into two parts Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource If you would like permission to publish or reproduce this material, please send your requests to archives@missionhouses.org Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource text